May 18, 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson Ruling - Zinn Education Project
Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities.| Zinn Education Project
Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities.| Zinn Education Project
Philando Castile, an African American, was shot to death by a police officer at a traffic stop in Falcon Heights, Minnesota. Castile had worked as a nutritional supervisor at an elementary school.| Zinn Education Project
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Black educator, baseball player, and civil rights activist Octavius V. Catto was murdered by a white supremacist on election day.| Zinn Education Project
Ida B. Wells stood up to injustice by refusing to change seats on a segregated Chesapeake, Ohio & Southwestern Railroad train, leading to a legal battle over racially discriminatory laws.| Zinn Education Project
In protest of Jim Crow discrimination on public transportation, Frederick Douglass and his friend, white politician James N. Buffum, boarded a Eastern Railroad Company train, in a first class car and were promptly ejected from the train.| Zinn Education Project
Schoolteacher Elizabeth Jennings Graham successfully challenged racist streetcar policies in New York City.| Zinn Education Project
The Montgomery Bus Boycott is one of the most powerful examples of organizing and social change in U.S. history.| Zinn Education Project
Book — Non-fiction. By Mia Bay. 2021. 400 pages. From stagecoaches and trains to buses, cars, and planes, this book explores racial restrictions on transportation and resistance to the injustice.| Zinn Education Project
Dentist, doctor, lawyer, and activist John Stewart Rock fought against slavery and for the elevation of the Black community. [Please note: John Rock's middle name was Stewart, not "Sweat," as some sources cited below had indicated. Thanks to our readers for pointing out the error.]| www.nps.gov
This document is a page from the transcript of the case of Leon L. Houck and Lola Houck v. The Southern Pacific Company. On September 21, 1886, Lola Houck received word that her nine-month-old child was deathly ill. The child was staying at the home of Houck's parents in Galveston, TX, at the time. Houck bought a first class train ticket on the Southern Pacific Railway to get to her child as soon as possible. She had made this trip plenty of times before, but this time it was different.| National Archives
Professor Barbara Young Welke is professor of history and professor of law, co-director of the program in law and history, and President of the American Society for Legal History. She teaches and writes about law in American life and modern U.S. history more generally. She is also an adjunct faculty member in American Studies and Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies.| law.umn.edu
The requested URL was rejected. Please refresh the page, try accessing the content in a new browser tab or window, or restart your browser to continue.| exhibits.stanford.edu
Reconstruction, the era immediately following the Civil War and emancipation, is full of stories that help us see the possibility of a future defined by racial equity.| Zinn Education Project
