The First Five Years A few months after it is born, an infant starts to babble and coo. These meaningless sounds signify the initial stage in the development of language, which proceeds at an unbelievably rapid rate during the first five years of a child’s life. Babbling increasingly starts to approximate the language spoken by the child’s caregivers, initially through...| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
Operant conditioning may be thought of as learning that occurs naturally as a consequence of our actions and accounts for much of how we acquire the range of learned behaviours we engage in every day. It involves the performance of a behavior that is either made stronger or weaker, depending on the positive or negative consequences of the behaviour itself....| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
The concepts of sex and gender are often inappropriately interchanged, with many people thinking that they are one and the same thing. Operationally defined, gender is the sense of being female or male, or the idea of femininity and masculinity, as differentiated from the concept of sex. While sex generally refers to the physiological and biological constitution of an individual,...| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
The social cognitive approach to personality supports the conviction that personality is determined in part by an individual’s cognitions, which include the person’s thoughts, feelings, values and expectations. Perceived Self-Efficacy Whether or not people perform certain actions largely depends on their expectancies or expectations pertinent to the desired outcome. Albert Bandura, one of the proponents of the social cognitive approach...| The Psychology Notes Headquarters