Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory is best known for its emphasis on social interaction and cultural context in shaping cognitive development. One of its most fascinating elements is Vygotsky’s explanation of how children internalize language to develop thought. This transformation—from speaking aloud to thinking silently—is central to human cognition. In Vygotsky’s view, language doesn’t just express thought—it forms it.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
Attachment theory, first introduced by John Bowlby and later expanded by Mary Ainsworth, provides a comprehensive framework for understanding how infants form emotional bonds with caregivers and how those bonds shape development across the lifespan.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory proposed that throughout our lives, we encounter certain crises that contribute to our psychosocial development. He presented these crises as 8 stages of psychosocial conflicts, often known as the 8 Erikson stages.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
As infants grow into toddlers, they begin to assert their will, explore their environment, and develop a sense of self apart from their caregivers. According to Erik Erikson, this critical phase—typically occurring between 18 months and 3 years—marks the second stage of psychosocial development: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
