Source code: Lib/fileinput.py This module implements a helper class and functions to quickly write a loop over standard input or a list of files. If you just want to read or write one file see open...| Python documentation
In Python, all exceptions must be instances of a class that derives from BaseException. In a try statement with an except clause that mentions a particular class, that clause also handles any excep...| Python documentation
There are several ways to present the output of a program; data can be printed in a human-readable form, or written to a file for future use. This chapter will discuss some of the possibilities. Fa...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/importlib/__init__.py Introduction: The purpose of the importlib package is three-fold. One is to provide the implementation of the import statement (and thus, by extension, the__i...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/code.py The code module provides facilities to implement read-eval-print loops in Python. Two classes and convenience functions are included which can be used to build applications...| Python documentation
The readline module defines a number of functions to facilitate completion and reading/writing of history files from the Python interpreter. This module can be used directly, or via the rlcompleter...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/types.py This module defines utility functions to assist in dynamic creation of new types. It also defines names for some object types that are used by the standard Python interpre...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/inspect.py The inspect module provides several useful functions to help get information about live objects such as modules, classes, methods, functions, tracebacks, frame objects, ...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/genericpath.py, Lib/posixpath.py(for POSIX) and Lib/ntpath.py(for Windows). This module implements some useful functions on pathnames. To read or write files see open(), and for ac...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/io.py Overview: The io module provides Python’s main facilities for dealing with various types of I/O. There are three main types of I/O: text I/O, binary I/O and raw I/O. These ar...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/site.py This module is automatically imported during initialization. The automatic import can be suppressed using the interpreter’s-S option. Importing this module normally appends...| Python documentation
The CPython interpreter scans the command line and the environment for various settings. CPython implementation detail: Other implementations’ command line schemes may differ. See Alternate Impleme...| Python documentation
The import statement has two problems:| Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs)
Source code: Lib/codecs.py This module defines base classes for standard Python codecs (encoders and decoders) and provides access to the internal Python codec registry, which manages the codec and...| Python documentation
A small number of constants live in the built-in namespace. They are: Constants added by the site module: The site module (which is imported automatically during startup, except if the-S command-li...| Python documentation
This module provides access to some variables used or maintained by the interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter. It is always available. Unless explicitly noted oth...| Python documentation
Certain objects available in Python wrap access to an underlying memory array or buffer. Such objects include the built-in bytes and bytearray, and some extension types like array.array. Third-part...| Python documentation
The following sections describe the standard types that are built into the interpreter. The principal built-in types are numerics, sequences, mappings, classes, instances and exceptions. Some colle...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/collections/__init__.py This module implements specialized container datatypes providing alternatives to Python’s general purpose built-in containers, dict, list, set, and tuple.,,...| Python documentation
This chapter explains the meaning of the elements of expressions in Python. Syntax Notes: In this and the following chapters, extended BNF notation will be used to describe syntax, not lexical anal...| Python documentation
If you aren’t wowed by Python’s super() builtin, chances are you don’t really know what it is capable of doing or how to use it effectively. Much has been written about super() and much of that wri…| Deep Thoughts by Raymond Hettinger
This PEP proposes to add a new set of import hooks that offer better customization of the Python import mechanism. Contrary to the current __import__ hook, a new-style hook can be injected into the existing scheme, allowing for a finer grained control ...| Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs)
Author, Andrew Dalke and Raymond Hettinger,. Python lists have a built-in list.sort() method that modifies the list in-place. There is also a sorted() built-in function that builds a new sorted lis...| Python documentation
Compound statements contain (groups of) other statements; they affect or control the execution of those other statements in some way. In general, compound statements span multiple lines, although i...| Python documentation
This module implements a number of iterator building blocks inspired by constructs from APL, Haskell, and SML. Each has been recast in a form suitable for Python. The module standardizes a core set...| Python documentation
Comprehensions are currently compiled as nested functions, which provides isolation of the comprehension’s iteration variable, but is inefficient at runtime. This PEP proposes to inline list, dictionary, and set comprehensions into the code where they a...| Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs)
Source code: Lib/string.py String constants: The constants defined in this module are: Custom String Formatting: The built-in string class provides the ability to do complex variable substitutions ...| Python documentation
A simple statement is comprised within a single logical line. Several simple statements may occur on a single line separated by semicolons. The syntax for simple statements is: Expression statement...| Python documentation
Floating-point numbers are represented in computer hardware as base 2 (binary) fractions. For example, the decimal fraction 0.625 has value 6/10 + 2/100 + 5/1000, and in the same way the binary fra...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/os.py This module provides a portable way of using operating system dependent functionality. If you just want to read or write a file see open(), if you want to manipulate paths, s...| Python documentation
This module provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C standard. These functions cannot be used with complex numbers; use the functions of the same name from the cmath module if...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/functools.py The functools module is for higher-order functions: functions that act on or return other functions. In general, any callable object can be treated as a function for t...| Python documentation
Objects, values and types: Objects are Python’s abstraction for data. All data in a Python program is represented by objects or by relations between objects. (In a sense, and in conformance to Von ...| Python documentation
This document gives coding conventions for the Python code comprising the standard library in the main Python distribution. Please see the companion informational PEP describing style guidelines for the C code in the C implementation of Python.| Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs)
Source code: Lib/pdb.py The module pdb defines an interactive source code debugger for Python programs. It supports setting (conditional) breakpoints and single stepping at the source line level, i...| Python documentation
Source code: Lib/ast.py The ast module helps Python applications to process trees of the Python abstract syntax grammar. The abstract syntax itself might change with each Python release; this modul...| Python documentation
