American traveller Caroline Cushing provided the following description of a Spanish Christmas in Madrid in 1829.| Shannon Selin
New Year’s Day was a bigger celebration than Christmas in 19th-century France.| Shannon Selin
Sweetbreads, Sweetmeats and Bonaparte’s Ribs| Shannon Selin
British parents and teachers used Napoleon Bonaparte as a threat to scare children into good behaviour during the Napoleonic Wars.| Shannon Selin
Glimpses of Christmas celebrations in early 19th-century Mexico| Shannon Selin
Celebrating Christmas in Vienna in 1836| Shannon Selin
Would you rather eat sweetbread or sweetmeat?| Shannon Selin
The Wellington Door Knocker was invented by London ironmonger David Bray in 1814. Door knockers were a common feature of 19th-century life, until replaced by the electric doorbell.| Shannon Selin
Transparencies (paintings on see-through paper or cloth) were a DIY craze in the early 19th century.| Shannon Selin
Although people in the early 1800s could not shop at supermarkets or department stores, they had plenty of other opportunities to buy things.| Shannon Selin
Frustrated by long line-ups and unhelpful websites? Here are some situations you might have encountered while shopping in the early 19th century.| Shannon Selin