Robert J. Havighurst’s Developmental Task Theory emphasizes that human growth unfolds through a series of age-related tasks that individuals must accomplish to progress successfully across the lifespan. One of the most critical areas Havighurst identified is the development of conscience and responsibility, which arises primarily during childhood and adolescence but echoes throughout life. This moral dimension reflects how individuals internalize...| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
The Instinct Theory of Motivation suggests that all organisms are evolutionarily "programmed" in ways that help them survive. They're born with traits that cause them to behave in certain way naturally. These "natural behaviors" are referred to as instincts, and these instincts are what drive all behaviors.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
The Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years old) is the first Piaget stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
American psychologist, Urie Bronfenbrenner, formulated the Ecological Systems Theory to explain how the inherent qualities of children and their environments interact to influence how they grow and develop. The Bronfenbrenner theory emphasizes the importance of studying children in multiple environments, also known as ecological systems, in the attempt to understand their development.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory is best known for its emphasis on social interaction and cultural context in shaping cognitive development. One of its most fascinating elements is Vygotsky’s explanation of how children internalize language to develop thought. This transformation—from speaking aloud to thinking silently—is central to human cognition. In Vygotsky’s view, language doesn’t just express thought—it forms it.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory proposed that throughout our lives, we encounter certain crises that contribute to our psychosocial development. He presented these crises as 8 stages of psychosocial conflicts, often known as the 8 Erikson stages.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a foundational concept in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development. It explains how children move from what they can do independently to what they can achieve with the help of others. This “in-between” space is where the richest and most meaningful learning takes place.| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
What is morality? The concept of morality revolves around a person’s differentiation of good and bad when it comes to intentions, thoughts, decisions and actions. It may be driven by a specific code of conduct that comes with a certain religion or philosophy, or from a standard that a person sees as universal. What is moral development? Moral development looks...| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
The concept of child development refers to the psychological, emotional, and physiological changes that take place in humans from the time of birth up to adolescence. It focuses on how the individual starts from dependency, and eventually exercises autonomy. There are several theories that explain child development. Jean Piaget and his theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget is a Swiss...| The Psychology Notes Headquarters
