Ever since Stephen Dolan’s 2016 thesis Algebraic Subtyping showed how to combine type inference and subtyping, I’ve been developing increasingly sophisticated programming languages based on those ideas, first IntercalScript in 2019, then CubiML in 2020, PolySubML in 2025, and with my next language already in the planning stages.| Considerations on Codecrafting
One of the first things any Rust programmer learns is that you can’t pass an object and a reference to that object around at the same time. It’s impossible to do, even indirectly. This limitation has been the subject of countless questions on Stack Overflow and posts on Reddit and the Rust forums and anywhere else where Rust programmers might ask for help. It’s so well-known that most people treat it like an axiom, not just a limitation of Rust as it currently exists, but an inherent li...| Considerations on Codecrafting