Combating sabotage of submarine cables and pipelines is a matter of law enforcement, subject to the international law of the sea. However, such acts may also constitute the use of force and an armed attack under Articles 2(4) and 51 of the UN Charter. The application of these concepts requires clarification of the “international relations” in which the use of force takes place and identification of the State against which the armed attack occurs. This article argues that, in the absence o...| International Law Studies
This article argues that there is no international legal impediment to any State robustly asserting prescriptive, enforcement, or adjudicative jurisdiction over vessels without nationality. It first examines the rules relating to vessel nationality to demonstrate the strong international preference that vessels be properly flagged in a particular State. It then examines the phenomenon of vessels without nationality, with a focus on what constitutes statelessness, and what the contemporary und...| U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons
The Southwest Atlantic lacks a regional fishery management organization, leaving one of the world’s largest squid fisheries at risk of overfishing during its high seas migrations. This article reviews measures available to coastal States as they seek to protect regional ecosystems and their economic interests. The ideal policy response is to conclude a regional fisheries management organization covering squid and other key regional stocks. This body should follow best practices and include ...| U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons
Sea slavery—men trapped in forced labor on board illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing vessels—exists across the world’s oceans. If confronted with sea slavery while conducting a boarding of a foreign-flagged IUU fishing vessel on the high seas, may a coastal State military officer free the victim? This article answers the question affirmatively, relying on the duty to render assistance under the international law of the sea. That duty requires all mariners who receive info...| U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons
This ChinaPower analysis tracks China's large-scale joint exercises ”Joint Sword-2024B" around Taiwan following Lai's National Day speech.| ChinaPower Project