According to Sternberg and Kauffman (1998), intelligence is defined as “the ability to learn from one’s own experiences, acquire knowledge and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems.” This led to several research studies being conducted in the field of intelligence and its relationship to psychology. However, many of the intelligence-based Gardner argued that although reason, logic and knowledge sound similar, they are not alike at all. He believes t...| Communication Theory