Trustworthiness of Qualitative Data
Qualitative research emphasizes trustworthiness, encompassing criteria such as credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.| Simply Psychology
Science, derived from the Latin word "scientia" meaning knowledge, is a systematic way of acquiring knowledge using the scientific method. It involves two views: static and dynamic. The static view sees science as adding systematic information to the world, while the dynamic view considers science as the ongoing activities of scientists. Major methods of knowing include tenacity, authority, and 'a priori' methods, but the scientific method stands out for its objectivity and empirical testing....| Food Safety Institute
Scientific problem solving relies on induction and deduction. Induction involves gathering data to formulate generalizations (from particular to general), akin to hypothesis formation. Deduction starts with generalizations to make predictions, essential for testing scientific concepts. The scientific method includes identifying the problem, stating a hypothesis, conducting experiments, and reaching conclusions. Its self-correcting nature ensures rigorous validation of ideas.| Food Safety Institute
Selecting a research topic is crucial and complex. A research problem, defined by Kerlinger as an interrogative statement about variable relationships, must meet three criteria: originating question, rationale, and satisfying the rationale. Key sources for identifying research problems include personal interest, daily problems, technological changes, unexplored areas, discussions with experts, and previous studies. A well-defined problem should be original, balanced between generality and spe...| Food Safety Institute
A problem statement is a specific declaration summarizing the researcher's viewpoint, guiding the research direction. A good problem statement is specific, restrictive, unified, and sets the standard for the research report. Research objectives, closely related to the problem statement, outline what the study aims to achieve. They should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-based (SMART). Formulating clear research questions based on these objectives ensures a focused and ...| Food Safety Institute
The review of literature in social science research encompasses various sources such as journals, the internet, bibliographies, indexes, abstracts, statistical sources, directories, yearbooks, and encyclopedias. Journals provide articles and references that lead to other valuable resources. The internet, with its search engines, facilitates quick access to global literature. Bibliographies offer information about significant research materials, including the International Bibliography of Soci...| Food Safety Institute
Reviewing literature serves multiple purposes: it identifies areas already covered, helps avoid duplication, finds research gaps, and provides insights into methodologies used by others. It assists in discussing findings based on past research and understanding the depth of previous studies. This process ensures that new research builds upon a solid foundation of existing knowledge and addresses unexplored areas effectively.| Food Safety Institute
Conducting a literature review involves several steps: identifying sources of literature, taking notes on reference cards, writing the review and theoretical orientation, citing references appropriately, and preparing a bibliography. This process begins as soon as a research topic is decided and continues until the report is finalized. Comprehensive reading of available literature helps understand past research, methodologies, and findings relevant to the chosen topic. Proper note-taking on r...| Food Safety Institute
Writing a literature review and establishing theoretical orientation involves several steps. Begin with a preamble introducing the importance and layout of the review. References should be cited according to different study parameters and discussed thoroughly. Draw assumptions based on the discussed references and summarize the review at the end. A literature review synthesizes many texts into cohesive paragraphs that evaluate the themes relevant to the research. It includes an introduction, ...| Food Safety Institute
Citation is crucial for referencing sources within a research report. Two main citation methods are the Number Method and the Harvard System. The Number Method involves using Arabic numbers to indicate references in the text, corresponding to the bibliography or footnotes. However, it can cause confusion with other numbered elements like tables and figures. The Harvard System, more commonly used, cites references by the author's last name and publication year, either within the text or in par...| Food Safety Institute
Writing bibliographical details varies depending on the source, such as textbooks, research journals, theses, and reports. For textbooks, include the author's last name, initials, year of publication, title, place of publication, publisher, and page numbers. For research journals, list the author(s), year, article title, journal title, volume, issue number, and page numbers. Theses should include the author's last name, initials, title, degree, university, place, and page numbers. Adhering to...| Food Safety Institute
Concepts are mental images or general ideas derived through the process of deduction and used as building blocks for theories. Constructs are specialized concepts adopted for scientific purposes, often defined in a way that can be measured and observed. Variables are attributes that can take different values and are essential in research for representing and analyzing changes. Understanding these terminologies is crucial for framing research studies and developing hypotheses.| Food Safety Institute
Qualitative research emphasizes trustworthiness, encompassing criteria such as credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.| Simply Psychology
Discriminant validity, also known as divergent validity, is the extent to which a measure does not correlate strongly with measures of different, unrelated constructs.| Simply Psychology
Predictive validity is a subtype of criterion-related validity that refers to the degree to which scores from a psychological instrument can predict a| Simply Psychology
The most fundamental difference between the research questions in scoping and systematic reviews is their breadth.| Simply Psychology
