Roastidio.us Tagged with linux

"1195725856" and other mysterious numbers

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 05:13:34 +0000

"1195725856" and other mysterious numbers

Last week was the final week for this half's performance review at Facebook, where we write summaries of work and impact we and our peers had over the last half year. Naturally, that can only mean one thing: the entire company trends towards peak levels of procrastination, doing literally anything and everything to avoid the unspeakable horror of having to write a few paragraphs of text.

My personal distraction of choice a few days before the deadline was looking at lines like this, spamming from some hosts serving NFS traffic:

RPC: fragment too large: 1195725856
RPC: fragment too large: 1212498244

Let's take a look at the kernel code responsible for generating this warning. Grepping for "fragment too large" shows it comes from svc_tcp_recv_record in net/sunrpc/svcsock.c:

So we're erroring out because we got passed some message which is beyond sv_max_mesg, cool. But where does this come from? Looking at svc_sock_reclen shows the following:

ntohl converts a uint from network byte ordering to the host's byte ordering. The bitwise AND with RPC_FRAGMENT_SIZE_MASK results in only some of the data being retained, and looking at the definition shows us how many bits that is:

#define RPC_LAST_STREAM_FRAGMENT (1U << 31)
#define RPC_FRAGMENT_SIZE_MASK   (~RPC_LAST_STREAM_FRAGMENT)

Okay, so we will only keep the first 31 bits and zero out the high bit, since ~ is bitwise NOT.

That means that these numbers come from the first four bytes of the fragment, omitting the final highest bit, which is reserved to record whether the fragment is the last one for this record (see svc_sock_final_rec). The fact that the error happens so early in fragment parsing in particular got me thinking that the fragment may not be protocol-confirming in the first place, since it's not like we got very far in processing at all, not even past the first four bytes. So what are these first four bytes, then? Looking at the numbers in hex shows something interesting:

These are all really tightly clustered, generally from 0x40 to 0x50, which implies there might actually be some semantic meaning per-byte. And since these are char-sized, here's a guess about what might be encoded in them…

Oh dear. Somebody is sending HTTP requests to NFS RPC, but at least we are outright rejecting the fragments instead of actually allocating and dirtying a gigabyte of memory.

Next up was finding out who's actually sending these requests. rpcinfo -p shows NFS is listening on the default port, 2049, so we can set up a trap with tcpdump like so:

tcpdump -i any -w trap.pcap dst port 2049
# ...wait for logs to appear again, then ^C...
tcpdump -qX -r trap.pcap | less +/HEAD

From here, it was pretty easy to catch the origin of these requests by tracing back to the origin host and service using the captured pcap data. After that one can coordinate with the team responsible to work out what's actually going on here, and avoid these errant packets being sent out in the first place. As a bonus, you also get to learn more about parts of infrastructure you might otherwise not interact with, which is always cool. :-)

Funnily enough, if you Google for these numbers you can find tons of threads with people encountering them in the wild. Maybe we should start printing ASCII in future in some of the error paths hit when all character values are between 0x0 and 0x7F. I'm sure it would help a lot of people realise what's going on much more quickly. Maybe I'll send a patch upstream to do that in svc_tcp_recv_record and a few other places in the kernel that directly parse the first few data bytes from packets as an integer, let's see.

Here's a trivial program that can generate a bunch of other integers for HTTP that might be of interest:

#include <assert.h>
#include <byteswap.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

static int system_is_little_endian(void) {
    static const int tmp = 1;
    return *(const char *)&tmp == 1;
}

#define print_reinterpreted_inner(type, fmt, bs_func, hdr)      \
    do {                                                        \
        if (strlen(hdr) >= sizeof(type)) {                      \
            type *_hdr_conv = (type *)hdr;                      \
            type _le, _be;                                      \
            if (system_is_little_endian()) {                    \
                _le = *_hdr_conv;                               \
                _be = bs_func(*_hdr_conv);                      \
            } else {                                            \
                _le = bs_func(*_hdr_conv);                      \
                _be = *_hdr_conv;                               \
            }                                                   \
            printf("%.*s,%zu,%" fmt ",%" fmt "\n",              \
                   (int)strlen(hdr) - 2, hdr, sizeof(type),     \
                   _le, _be);                                   \
        }                                                       \
    } while (0)

#define print_reinterpreted(bits, hdr)                          \
    print_reinterpreted_inner(uint##bits##_t, PRIu##bits,       \
                              bswap_##bits, hdr)

int main(void) {
    const char *methods[] = {"GET",   "HEAD",   "POST",
                             "PUT",   "DELETE", "OPTIONS",
                             "TRACE", "PATCH",  "CONNECT"};
    size_t i;

    printf("data,bytes,little-endian,big-endian\n");

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(methods) / sizeof(methods[0]); i++) {
        int ret;
        char hdr[16];
        unsigned const char *check =
            (unsigned const char *)methods[i];

        /* No high bit, so no need to check signed integers */
        assert(!(check[0] & (1U << (CHAR_BIT - 1))));

        ret = snprintf(hdr, sizeof(hdr), "%s /", methods[i]);
        assert(ret > 0 && ret < (int)sizeof(hdr));

        print_reinterpreted(64, hdr);
        print_reinterpreted(32, hdr);
        print_reinterpreted(16, hdr);
    }
}

And the results:

data	bytes	little-endian	big-endian
GET	4	542393671	1195725856
GET	2	17735	18245
HEAD	4	1145128264	1212498244
HEAD	2	17736	18501
POST	4	1414745936	1347375956
POST	2	20304	20559
PUT	4	542397776	1347769376
PUT	2	21840	20565
DELETE	8	3395790347279549764	4919422028622405679
DELETE	4	1162626372	1145392197
DELETE	2	17732	17477
OPTIONS	8	2329291534720323663	5715160600973038368
OPTIONS	4	1230262351	1330664521
OPTIONS	2	20559	20304
TRACE	4	1128354388	1414676803
TRACE	2	21076	21586
PATCH	4	1129595216	1346458691
PATCH	2	16720	20545
CONNECT	8	2329560872202948419	4850181421777769504
CONNECT	4	1313754947	1129270862
CONNECT	2	20291	17231

Here's an expandable complete list with all methods known to IANA:

data	bytes	little-endian	big-endian
ACL	4	541868865	1094929440
ACL	2	17217	16707
BASELINE-CONTROL	8	4994009628729884994	4774188637087157829
BASELINE-CONTROL	4	1163084098	1111577413
BASELINE-CONTROL	2	16706	16961
BIND	4	1145981250	1112100420
BIND	2	18754	16969
CHECKIN	8	2327878644997113923	4848201154192559648
CHECKIN	4	1128613955	1128809795
CHECKIN	2	18499	17224
CHECKOUT	8	6076850456876107843	4848201154192954708
CHECKOUT	4	1128613955	1128809795
CHECKOUT	2	18499	17224
CONNECT	8	2329560872202948419	4850181421777769504
CONNECT	4	1313754947	1129270862
CONNECT	2	20291	17231
COPY	4	1498435395	1129271385
COPY	2	20291	17231
DELETE	8	3395790347279549764	4919422028622405679
DELETE	4	1162626372	1145392197
DELETE	2	17732	17477
GET	4	542393671	1195725856
GET	2	17735	18245
HEAD	4	1145128264	1212498244
HEAD	2	17736	18501
LABEL	4	1161969996	1279345221
LABEL	2	16716	19521
LINK	4	1263421772	1279872587
LINK	2	18764	19529
LOCK	4	1262702412	1280262987
LOCK	2	20300	19535
MERGE	4	1196574029	1296388679
MERGE	2	17741	19781
MKACTIVITY	8	5284491839020288845	5569617121606456905
MKACTIVITY	4	1128352589	1296777539
MKACTIVITY	2	19277	19787
MKCALENDAR	8	4921947636577291085	5569619311905295940
MKCALENDAR	4	1094929229	1296778049
MKCALENDAR	2	19277	19787
MKCOL	4	1329810253	1296778063
MKCOL	2	19277	19787
MKREDIRECTREF	8	4995135494276926285	5569635821625627205
MKREDIRECTREF	4	1163021133	1296781893
MKREDIRECTREF	2	19277	19787
MKWORKSPACE	8	5788052762991741773	5569641362368451408
MKWORKSPACE	4	1331120973	1296783183
MKWORKSPACE	2	19277	19787
MOVE	4	1163284301	1297045061
MOVE	2	20301	19791
OPTIONS	8	2329291534720323663	5715160600973038368
OPTIONS	4	1230262351	1330664521
OPTIONS	2	20559	20304
ORDERPATCH	8	6071222086951785039	5715705941611004244
ORDERPATCH	4	1162105423	1330791493
ORDERPATCH	2	21071	20306
PATCH	4	1129595216	1346458691
PATCH	2	16720	20545
POST	4	1414745936	1347375956
POST	2	20304	20559
PRI	4	541676112	1347569952
PRI	2	21072	20562
PROPFIND	8	4921952009106444880	5787775677319695940
PROPFIND	4	1347375696	1347571536
PROPFIND	2	21072	20562
PROPPATCH	8	4851574511785431632	5787775677486945347
PROPPATCH	4	1347375696	1347571536
PROPPATCH	2	21072	20562
PUT	4	542397776	1347769376
PUT	2	21840	20565
REBIND	8	3395789222064571730	5928217367116259375
REBIND	4	1229079890	1380270665
REBIND	2	17746	21061
REPORT	8	3395806831532066130	5928232786117009455
REPORT	4	1330660690	1380274255
REPORT	2	17746	21061
SEARCH	8	3395793573017371987	6000273900112977967
SEARCH	4	1380009299	1397047634
SEARCH	2	17747	21317
TRACE	4	1128354388	1414676803
TRACE	2	21076	21586
UNBIND	8	3395789222064574037	6146923424020439087
UNBIND	4	1229082197	1431192137
UNBIND	2	20053	21838
UNCHECKOUT	8	5713734517093781077	6146924519086050127
UNCHECKOUT	4	1212370517	1431192392
UNCHECKOUT	2	20053	21838
UNLINK	8	3395796918646623829	6146934419137175599
UNLINK	4	1229737557	1431194697
UNLINK	2	20053	21838
UNLOCK	8	3395796871502646869	6146934444722429999
UNLOCK	4	1330400853	1431194703
UNLOCK	2	20053	21838
UPDATE	8	3395790347211919445	6147488538738106415
UPDATE	4	1094996053	1431323713
UPDATE	2	20565	21840
UPDATEREDIRECTREF	8	4995131164881866837	6147488538738119237
UPDATEREDIRECTREF	4	1094996053	1431323713
UPDATEREDIRECTREF	2	20565	21840
VERSION-CONTROL	8	3264633956239295830	6216465378320535085
VERSION-CONTROL	4	1397900630	1447383635
VERSION-CONTROL	2	17750	22085

As expected, if you Google for most of these numbers, you can find an endless supply of questions mentioning them in error messages (some previously unidentified examples which I replied to: 1, 2, 3).

Hopefully this post will help people find their real problem – using the wrong protocol – more quickly in future. In particular, if your affected application crashed due to ENOMEM/"Out of memory", please especially consider submitting a patch to clamp the size to some reasonable maximum :-)

Chris Down, Linux SRE

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 05:13:32 +0000

Hey there! I'm a kernel developer and SRE, primarily working on Linux memory management. I work at Meta as part of the Linux Kernel team, and am responsible for improving the overall reliability and performance of user-facing products from an infrastructure perspective. In general, my drive is in conceiving, designing, and improving systems that make Meta and the wider industry better.

Most of my active work revolves around making operating systems more efficient at scale, developing things like the Linux kernel, cgroups, systemd, and a number of other emerging technologies.

Outside of that, I dabble in photography, birding, and sim racing.

Software

I am a creator, contributor to, or maintainer of a number of projects, including:

below	time-travelling resource monitor for Linux
cgroup v2	modern resource control and accounting
clipmenu	clipboard manager with a dmenu frontend
dwm	dynamic window manager for X
exifrename	fast renames based on EXIF data
Linux	free and open-source OS kernel
mack	opinionated, fast music organiser
mpv	videos on the command line
nota	simple daily logs with your $EDITOR + git
oomd	next-generation OOM killer
osquery	OS instrumentation, monitoring, and analysis framework
pass	the standard Unix password manager
psi-notify	proactively detect machine oversaturation
srt	tools and library to handle SRT subtitles
systemd	system and service manager for Linux
the Pro Git book	guide to Git and its internals
tzupdate	update /etc/localtime automatically using geolocation
xinput-toggle	tool to manipulate arbitrary xinput devices
zcfan	zero-configuration fan control for ThinkPad
zsh	modern Bourne-like shell

You can find other projects on my GitHub, although if they're not on this list, I'm probably not actively developing or maintaining them.

Selected talks

Lies programmers believe about memory	at SREcon
7 years of cgroup v2	at FOSDEM
The future of Linux resource control	at LISA
Linux memory management at scale	at SREcon/FOSDEM
cgroup v2: Linux's new unified resource hierarchy	at FOSDEM/ASG
Lessons learned running SSL at scale	at FOSDEM
The Web Foundation model	lecture at UCL

Profiles elsewhere

[Repost] WSL9x

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 02:40:50 +0000

WSL9x runs a modern Linux kernel (6.19 at time of writing) cooperatively inside the Windows 9x kernel, enabling users to take advantage of the full suite of capabilities of both operating systems at the same time, including paging, memory protection, and pre-emptive scheduling. Run all your favourite applications side by side – no rebooting required!
…
Hailey Somerville, in WSL9x

Well this blew my mind.

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is one of the single best things Microsoft have added to Windows in the last decade¹. But, of course, it’s for Windows 10 and 11 only. I would never have conceived that somebody could make the same trick work for, like, Windows 95!

But Hails has done so. And no, this isn’t some kind of emulation; it’s proper cooperative multitasking between the two kernels, just like regular WSL does. Somehow, in a version that came out nine years before Windows even supported the NX bit. Mindboggling.

Footnotes

¹ This ought to be a little embarrassing for them: I mean – if the most-valuable improvement you make to your operating system is to make it… more like a different operating system… – that’s not a great sign, is it?

🧡 I love RSS feeds. And I love you for using them. 💙

Linux

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 02:09:16 +0000

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Framework: Our Linux Laptop 13 Pro Is Outselling the Windows Model

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 02:09:15 +0000

PCMag Australia News Operating Systems Linux

Framework: Our Linux Laptop 13 Pro Is Outselling the Windows Model

Updated Apr 24, 2026

The Laptop 13 Pro is Framework's first Ubuntu-certified laptop. Customers can buy it with Ubuntu preinstalled, in addition to Windows 11.

& Michael Kan Principal Reporter

Our team tests, rates, and reviews more than 1,500 products each year to help you make better buying decisions and get more from technology.

Our Expert

LOOK INSIDE PC LABS HOW WE TEST

65 EXPERTS

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41,500+ REVIEWS

(Credit: PCMag/Michael Kan)

Linux PCs are usually considered niche, but one Linux-based laptop is outselling its Windows 11 counterpart.

Upgradable laptop maker Framework reported the surprising stat after opening preorders for the Laptop 13 Pro. “Framework Laptop 13 Pro is selling far above our forecast, and we've sold out of the first six batches already,” the company tweeted. “Also nice validation of our approach, the Ubuntu configurations are outselling the Windows ones!”

Unveiled on Tuesday, the 13 Pro is meant to appeal to power users, including software developers. It's Framework’s first Ubuntu-certified laptop, meaning it’s undergone extensive validation to ensure it runs the Linux-based OS without issues. Importantly, customers can buy the laptop with Ubuntu preinstalled, in addition to Windows 11.

Although other laptops have received Ubuntu certification, the 13 Pro was specifically designed to be a "MacBook Pro for Linux users," Framework says. During its launch event, the company also invited a staff engineer from Ubuntu developer Canonical to talk about the certification.

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The marketing seems to have resonated with Framework fans at a time when Linux usage has been increasing. The latest Steam hardware survey logged Linux at a 5% share, a first for the OS and its various distributions. (Linux share first crossed the 1% mark back in 2021.) Valve’s Linux-based SteamOS has likely been a major contributor.

Although Framework isn’t a large PC vendor like Dell or HP, the Ubuntu-certified sales could help Linux become more mainstream. Microsoft has faced negative user sentiment about Windows 11, prompting a pledge to focus on quality improvements for the OS.

Stay tuned for our review of the Framework Laptop 13 Pro. In the meantime, the company is looking beyond Ubuntu. Framework CEO Nirav Patel noted that it’s been sending laptops to developers of other Linux distributions, suggesting that a wider range of Linux preinstall support could arrive down the line.

(Credit: Framework)

About Our Expert

Michael Kan

Principal Reporter

My Experience

I've been a journalist for over 15 years. I got my start as a schools and cities reporter in Kansas City and joined PCMag in 2017, where I cover satellite internet services, cybersecurity, PC hardware, and more. I'm currently based in San Francisco, but previously spent over five years in China, covering the country's technology sector.

Since 2020, I've covered the launch and explosive growth of SpaceX's Starlink satellite internet service, writing 600+ stories on availability and feature launches, but also the regulatory battles over the expansion of satellite constellations, fights with rival providers like AST SpaceMobile and Amazon, and the effort to expand into satellite-based mobile service. I've combed through FCC filings for the latest news and driven to remote corners of California to test Starlink's cellular service.

I also cover cyber threats, from ransomware gangs to the emergence of AI-based malware. In 2024 and 2025, the FTC forced Avast to pay consumers $16.5 million for secretly harvesting and selling their personal information to third-party clients, as revealed in my joint investigation with Motherboard.

I also cover the PC graphics card market. Pandemic-era shortages led me to camp out in front of a Best Buy to get an RTX 3000. I'm now following how the AI-driven memory shortage is impacting the entire consumer electronics market. I'm always eager to learn more, so please jump in the comments with feedback and send me tips.

The Best Tech I've Had:

My first video game console: a Nintendo Famicom
I loved my Sega Saturn despite PlayStation's popularity.
The iPod Video I received as a gift in college
Xbox 360 FTW
The Galaxy Nexus was the first smartphone I was proud to own.
The PC desktop I built in 2013, which still works to this day.

Read the latest from Michael Kan

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Comments

Sayonara Player and Liferea happiness

Thu, 23 Apr 2026 11:35:03 +0000

As I continue to work on my desktop environment, I believe I've finally found a music and reading app I like.

Sayonara Player was suggested to me on Mastodon long ago. It is a music app with many features including smart playlists, internet streaming and adding podcasts. Finding album art and saving it in an album's folder is genius. Many apps save them in their own database. There is also a metadata editor which I love.

Liferea is a RSS reader. It is a very clean and simple app to read RSS feeds including podcasts. There is an embedded browser and the ability to read gopher plogs!

Some other apps I've added to my daily routine are FreeTube for YouTube channel subscriptions and Lagrange for gopher/gemini browsing.

Coding Without a Laptop - Two Weeks with AR Glasses and Linux on Android

Thu, 23 Apr 2026 08:44:40 +0000

I recently learned something that blew my mind; you can run a full desktop Linux environment on your phone.

Not some clunky virtual machine and not an outright OS replacement like Ubuntu Touch or postmarketOS. Just native arm64 binaries running inside a little chroot container on Android. Check it out:

That’s a graphical environment via X11 with real window management and compositing, Firefox comfortably playing YouTube (including working audio), and a status bar with system stats. It launches in less than a second and feels snappy.

Ignoring the details of getting this to work for the moment, the obvious response is “okay yeah that’s neat but like, why”. And fair enough. It’s novel, but surely not useful.

Thing is, I had a 2 week trip coming up where I’d need to work, and I got a little obsessed with the idea that I could somehow leave my laptop at home and just use my phone. So what if we add a folding keyboard and some AR glasses?

What’s kind of amazing here is that both the glasses and the keyboard fit comfortably in my pockets. And I’m already carrying the phone, so it’s not that much extra.

The Hardware

Keyboard: There’s plenty of little folding bluetooth keyboards on the market, and I only had to go through 5 of them before I found one that was tolerable. I tried some with trackpads, but they were either too big or the keys were squeezed together to make it fit. The Termux:X11 app that displays the graphical environment is able to function as a trackpad to move a mouse pointer around, and that turned out to be good enough for mouse input. I’m very keyboard-centric anyway, so I’d often go for a while without needing to touch it.

The Glasses: Believe it or not, “augmented reality” glasses are kinda good now. The AR part is almost entirely a misnomer; they’re just tiny little OLED displays strapped to your face attached to bird bath optics. I was able to get a lightly used pair of Xreal Air 2 Pros off of ebay that would show me a 1080p display with a 46° field of view. Some of the newer ones can do large virtual displays rather than the pinned-to-your-head image that mine have, but I’m pretty skeptical of that setup, at least until the resolution and field of view improve.

The Phone: I unfortunately had to upgrade my phone, because to drive the glasses you need to have DisplayPort Alt mode. My very cheap, very crappy old phone did not. The 8 series seems to be the first Pixel phone where Google decided to be marginally less evil and not lock out the DP Alt Mode feature in software (forcing people to buy Chromecasts? IDK), so I bought a used Pixel 8 Pro on ebay.

So the whole setup:

Used Pixel 8 Pro $350
Used Xreal Air 2 Pro - $260
Samers Foldable Keyboard $18

Total cost: $636. Although I’m not sure the $350 for the phone should count, because I really did need a new one.

After a few afternoons experimenting, I felt like I could probably function with only this setup for the two weeks. I figured the full commit would keep me from reverting back to a PC when I hit a wall and got frustrated or bored.

The Result

So after using this on an airplane, in coffee shops, at various family member’s houses, in parks, and even sitting in the car, I think I have some answers for “why would you use this when laptops exist and are excellent”.

It really does fit into your pockets. No bag, nothing to carry.
I can use it outdoors in bright sunlight. I wrote most of this blog post sitting at a picnic table in a park. Screen glare and brightness is not an issue.
I can fit into tight spaces. This setup was infinitely more comfortable than a laptop when on a plane. Some coffee shops also have narrow bars that are too small for a laptop, but not for this.
The phone has a cellular connection, so I’m not tied to wifi.

In other words, there’s a sense of freedom that you do not get with a laptop. And I can be outdoors. One of the things I’ve grown tired of as software dev is feeling like I’m stuck inside all the time in front of a screen. With this I can walk to a coffee shop and work for an hour or two, then get up and walk to a park for another hour of work. It feels like a breath of fresh air, quite literally.

That said, there were plenty of pain points and nuances to the whole thing. So here’s my experience:

The Linux Environment

Linux-on-Android was eventually great, but I don’t want to gloss over the fact that it was a pain in the ass to figure out. My definition of “sufficiently capable” was Neovim + functioning langauge servers (Nim, Python, Dart, JS), Node, and Flutter (compiling to both desktop and web apps that could be run and debugged).

The I won’t go though everything line-by-line here (I can though, if anyone is interested), but there’s already some great resources out there (linked below). Here’s the high level picture, based on my learnings.

There’s roughly 4 different approaches to Linux on Android:

A virtual machine emulating x86_64
Termux, which is an Android app that provides a mix of terminal emulator, lightweight Linux userland, and set of packages that are able to run in that environment.
arm64 binaries running in chroot, which is basically just a directory where those programs will run, sealed off from the rest of the filesystem. Notably, it requires the system to be rooted.
proot. Same idea as chroot, but doesn’t use the forbidden system calls that chroot needs root for

After way too much time spent experimenting, I landed on the chroot approach. I really didn’t want to root the phone, but nothing else did what I needed. The virtual machine was way too slow and clunky, as was proot. Sticking to what can be run inside Termux got me surpisingly far, but Android’s C implementation is Bionic and most programs won’t run unless they’re compiled with that in mind. That, plus other differences in the environment mean you’re pretty limited. Chroot has no performance penalty as far as I can tell, and (for the most part), anything that can be compiled for arm64 seemed to work.

As far as distro (I tried many), here’s what matters:

Small and light. This is a phone, after all.
Has to support aarch64, obviously.
Doesn’t use systemd (I could never make it work inside chroot, and it’s unclear if it’s possible).
Has some amount of testing or support for running in chroot. Arch Linux ARM, for example, had some odd issues here, like fakeroot not working.
Uses glibc. I thought Alpine was going to be the ticket, but I really needed Flutter/Dart to work, and I couldn’t get it working with musl. This might not be a problem for everyone though.

So ultimately, the aarch64 glibc rootfs tarball of Void Linux fit the bill, and it’s been running beautifully.

I used i3 (a keyboard-centric tiling window manager), but I tested xfce and that worked fine too.

Some useful links:

The AR Glasses

The quality of the image on these things is fantastic. You’re seeing bright pixels from a beatiful OLED display. But because each pixel is bounced off the lens, a black pixel just looks clear. So a black terminal background with white text means you’re seeing white text floating in space. This is actually pretty cool if you want “less screen, more world around you” kind of feel, but can also be distracting. However, the model I bought has electrochromic dimming, so you can darken the actual “sunglasses” part to block out ambient light. Without this they’d be unuseable in bright sunlight as the image washes out, so I highly recommend getting a pair that has this.

It’s apparently impossible to get a good through-the-lens photo, but trust me that the image through the glasses is excellent. This is without the electrochromic dimming turned on, so text just floats in front of the scenery. You can darken the glasses to the point where you can hardly see through them if you want.

I do feel a little weird wearing these in public, but not that weird. They more or less pass for sunglasses, so the odd part is wearing sunglasses indoors and typing on a keyboard with nothing in front of you. I had couple people ask me about them, but they seemed to just think they were cool. One guy said he was going to buy a pair. That may be selection bias though; I’m sure some people thought I was an idiot.

The biggest downside of the glasses is that the FOV is actually too big. Seeing the top and bottom edges of the screen means moving your eyeballs to angles that are just a little uncomfortable, and it’s actually difficult to get the lenses in the right spot so that both are clearly in focus at the same time. I had the window manager add some extra padding at the top and bottom of the screen, and that helped quite a bit.

Worth mentioning: I tried to get multi-display mode working on Android, and it was awful. I ended up using this app to change the phone’s resolution to 1080p, and then just mirror to the glasses. It turned out to be great, because you can pull the glasses off and just work on the phone whenever you want a break.

The focal plane of the glasses is about 10 feet. Which means if you use readers for a laptop, you probably won’t need them.

The Keyboard

Sigh. Can someone please make a good folding keyboard? This little $18 piece of plastic is decent for what it is, but this was the weakest part of the whole setup, and it feels like it should be the easiest. It feels cheap, is bulkier than it needs to be, doesn’t lock when it’s open (which means you can’t really sit with it in your lap), and there’s no firmware based key remapping.

I might continue to play alibaba roulette and see if there’s a better one out there. But I would quite literally pay 10 times as much for something good.

Performance

As a rough benchmark, I tried compiling Nim from source.

On my Framework 13 with a Core Ultra 5 125H it took 4:15.
On my Thinkpad T450s with an Intel Core i5-5300U it took 14:20.
On the Pixel 8 Pro it took 11:20.

I would say qualitatively that’s about how it feels to use. Faster than the Thinkpad, but definitely not as fast as the Framework.

BTW I am glad I paid a little extra for the Pixel 8 Pro, because the 12GB of RAM it has vs the 8 of the non-pro model seems worthwhile. RAM usage often gets close to that 12GB ceiling.

Battery Life

With the glasses on and the phone screen dimmed, the phone used a little under 3 watts at idle, and 5 to 10 when compiling or doing heavier things. On average I’d drain about 15% battery per hour. So 4 to 5 hours before you need to be thinking about charging, but I’m not sure you’d want to have the glasses on longer than that anyway.

Am I Going to Keep Using This?

I’m safely out of the novelty phase at this point, and incredibly, I think the answer is yes. If I had my laptop with me I would never reach for the phone, in the same way that if I’m sitting next to my desktop PC, I’m not going to grab my laptop. But this phone setup can go places that the laptop can’t, and that freedom is something I’ve been wanting for a long time, even if I didn’t quite realize it.

I also find it amazing that the whole thing was relatively cheap, especially when compared to something like the Apple Vision Pro. Which, funnily enough, can’t do any of what I ended up caring about. It can’t fit in your pockets, and it’s no more capable of “real” computing than an iPhone. I guess you can use it outdoors, but your eyes are in a sealed box, so I don’t think that even counts.

I think there might actually be a future for ultra-mobile software development. Especially as these AR glasses continue to improve and Linux continues to be flexible and awesome. Despite the rough edges, I’m able to go places and do things now that I couldn’t do before, and I’m exited about it.

How to Choose the Right Laptop for Linux in 2026 (Performance, Compatibility, and Efficiency)

Thu, 23 Apr 2026 06:16:15 +0000

How to Choose the Right Laptop for Linux in 2026 (Performance, Compatibility, and Efficiency) Linux has become a core platform for developers, cloud engineers, and system administrators—but many users still overlook one critical factor: hardware selection. Choosing the right laptop directly affects kernel compatibility, driver support, and package management efficiency, all of which play a […]

New GoGra malware for Linux uses Microsoft Graph API for comms

Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:12:14 +0000

A Linux variant of the GoGra backdoor uses legitimate Microsoft infrastructure, relying on an Outlook inbox for stealthy payload delivery. [...]

Thelio Mira Quick Look

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 23:07:49 +0000

Coder Radio fans will know that I love checking out new hardware and to go along with my System76 Launch Keyboard Heavy, I also picked up the new Thelio Mira; technically, it’s the Thelio Mira Elite which is the pre-configured high-end SKU. It’s been nearly two weeks and I am still putting it through its paces, but I do have some quick takes on how it stacks up to its older Thelio siblings and just general points. Also, now through the end of May, my shop The Mad Botter INC is running a promotion on our full solution – if you want to control your data from the shop / floor all the way up to the dashboard, drop me a line!

The Good

Fans / Noise: In the past, I’ve had some issue with older Thelio models’ fan noise; so much so that I ended getting my hands dirty in the BIOS trying to mitigate it. I’m thrilled to report that with the Mira this is no longer an issue. The fan curve is much improved, I hardly ever hear it under normal usage and when I push it, the noise is reasonable. This clearly was a priority in the design of the totally re-imagined case, as the new case has tons of very large sections of airflow / ventilation.
Performance: Of course performance will largely depend on your configuration and I went for a beast – see the neofetch screen-cap below. With that said, I have been super impressed with this machines raw power especially given the acoustics improvements.

Front Panel Ports: When I first read on the announcement that the newly designed case, I didn’t really pay it much mind. Boy was I off base on that. I literally use the front USB-C and standard USB ports just about everyday. I know this is a small point and I almost didn’t include it, but if you are coming from one of the older Thelios this is going to be a significant quality of life improvement for you.

The Bad

2.5GB Networking: I’ll admit that I am blessed with FIOS and likely this won’t be an issue for many of you given the miserable state of high-quality high-speed connectivity here in the US. Still, I was disappointed that the only configure network card available even in the Elite configuration maxes out at 2.5GB; for those unfamilar with how these cards work – that’s the max for wired as well. With that said, the Thelio is meant to be easily user-serviceable, so I will probably just swap out the networking card for a more capable one once I’m done with all my reviews of it.
Pricing: We all know that tech pricing is wild right now, so I don’t want to hit this too hard. However, it is true that – like is generally System76 machines – the Mira is slightly premium priced. I’m not sure how premium it really is given the RAM-pocolypse and there’s a strong argument that you’re paying for a premium experience and that’s all fair. I just felt that I needed to flag it, because it’s something likely to be flagged.

All in all, I am extremely happy with this machine and really the whole setup of it and the Launch Heavy. Stay tuned, because I’ve got a whole series of these coming that go into more detail for specific use-cases. Also, remember if you want to retain your data sovereignty end-to-end from the field to the dashboard to the data lake, checkout The Mad Botter INC and take advantage of that launch promo while it lasts. Comments? Questions? Blood curdling rage? Hit me up on LinkedIn.

The post Thelio Mira Quick Look appeared first on dominickm.com.

Captain’s Log: Reclaiming the Firewall with Local AI - dominickm.com

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 23:07:49 +0000

Date: April 12, 2026
Status: All Systems Operational
Location: The Mad Botter Workshop in Gatorland.

Another orbit, another set of rising API bills.

Back in January, I noted that the “AI Gold Rush” was entering its consolidation phase. We’re seeing it everywhere: token prices are creeping up, “unlimited” plans are getting asterisked into oblivion, and the privacy policies of the big providers are starting to look more like data-harvesting manifestos than legal agreements.

On the bridge of The Mad Botter, we’ve decided that resistance isn’t just futile—it’s expensive. It’s time to move the nacelles toward Local Intelligence.

The Professional’s Pivot

For a long time, running local LLMs was a hobbyist’s game. You needed a stack of GPUs that sounded like a jet engine and the patience of a Vulcan to get the drivers working. But 2026 has changed the math. Between the unified memory efficiency of modern silicon and the sheer optimization of projects like Ollama and vLLM, the Linux desktop has become the premier AI workstation.

We’ve recently transitioned our internal coding assistants and documentation scrapers from the cloud to a dedicated System76 Thelio sitting right behind our firewall.

Why Linux Wins the AI War

While the “other” OS options have their “Neural Engine” marketing, Linux has the one thing a professional actually needs: Transparency. On my Pop!_OS setup, I can precisely partition resources without wondering if a background telemetry process is “checking in” with my proprietary code snippets.

Here is why the transition has been “boring” in the best way possible:

Zero Latency: When the model is running on your LAN (or your local NVMe), the “thinking” happens at the speed of your hardware, not your ISP’s whims.
The Dockerized Sanity: We’re using a containerized setup that keeps our AI stack completely isolated from the host OS. If a model update goes sideways, we just roll back the image. No “dependency hell” allowed on this bridge.
The “Omakase” AI: Just as the Omakub project provides a curated developer experience, we’ve found that a “curated” local model—specifically tuned for our CGO, Python, and Ruby on Rails stack—actually outperforms the “jack-of-all-trades” proprietary models for our specific codebase.

The Sovereign Stack (and the Shortcut)

For the curious, we aren’t doing anything mystical. We’re running a highly optimized Ollama instance paired with a clean web interface. It gives the team a familiar experience but with 100% data sovereignty.

I spent weeks tuning this configuration to make sure it didn’t just run, but actually felt like a professional tool. If you want to bypass the trial and error and get this exact setup running on your own hardware, I’ve packaged everything—the containers, the models, and the “Mad Botter” secret sauce—into the Coder Stack.

When I’m out with the Oryx Pro, I VPN back into the Thelio. It feels like having a personal data center in my pocket. No token limits, no “as an AI language model” moralizing, and most importantly, no monthly subscription “AI Tax.”

The Verdict

The era of the “Cloud-First” developer is hitting a ceiling. As AI becomes an essential part of the shipping process, the friction of external dependencies becomes a liability.

2026 is the year we stop renting our intelligence. If you’re still sending your IP to a third party because “local is too hard,” you haven’t been paying attention to how far the Linux ecosystem has come. The tools are here, the hardware is ready, and the nacelles are stable.

It’s time to bring your bots home.

If you enjoyed this log, check out the latest episode of Coder Radio or drop me a line on LinkedIn. If you’re ready to flip the switch on your own local AI, grab the Coder Stack and let’s get to work. – Also, for a fully integrated solution checkout my company The Mad Botter.

Robin Candau | Arch Linux now has a bit-for-bit reproducible Docker image

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 22:14:21 +0000

Arch Linux Now Has a Bit-for-Bit Reproducible Docker Image

Tue, Apr 21, 2026
3-minute read

As a follow-up to the similar milestone reached for our WSL image a few months ago, I’m happy to share that Arch Linux now has a bit-for-bit reproducible Docker image!

This bit-for-bit reproducible image is distributed under a new “repro” tag.
The reason for this is due to one noticeable caveat: to ensure reproducibility, the pacman keys have to be stripped from the image, meaning that pacman is not usable out of the box in this image. While waiting to find a suitable solution to this technical constraint, we are therefore providing this reproducible image under a dedicated tag as a first milestone.

In practice, that means that users will need to (re)generate the pacman keyring in the container before being able to install and update packages via pacman, by running: pacman-key --init && pacman-key --populate archlinux (whether interactively at first start or from a RUN statement in a Dockerfile if using this image as base).
Distrobox users can run this as a pre-init hook: distrobox create -n arch-repro -i docker.io/archlinux/archlinux:repro --pre-init-hooks "pacman-key --init && pacman-key --populate archlinux"

The bit-for-bit reproducibility of the image is confirmed by digest equality across builds (via podman inspect --format '{{.Digest}}' <image>) and by using diffoci to compare builds.
Documentation to reproduce this Docker image is available here.

Building the base rootFS for the Docker image in a deterministic way was the main challenge, but it reuses the same process as for our WSL image (as both share the same rootFS build system).

The main Docker-specific adjustments include (see also the related diffoci reports):

Set SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH and honor it in the org.opencontainers.image.created LABEL in the Dockerfile

TYPE    NAME                  INPUT-0    INPUT-1
Cfg     ctx:/config/config    ?          ?

Remove the ldconfig auxiliary cache file (which introduces non-determinism) from the built image in the Dockerfile:

TYPE    NAME                            INPUT-0                                                             INPUT-1
File    var/cache/ldconfig/aux-cache    656b08db599dbbd9eb0ec663172392023285ed6598f74a55326a3d95cdd5f5d0    ffee92304701425a85c2aff3ade5668e64bf0cc381cfe0a5cd3c0f4935114195

Normalize timestamps during docker build / podman build using the --source-date-epoch=$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH and --rewrite-timestamp options:

TYPE    NAME                 INPUT-0                          INPUT-1
File    etc/                 2026-03-31 07:57:46 +0000 UTC    2026-03-31 07:59:21 +0000 UTC
File    etc/ld.so.cache      2026-03-31 07:57:46 +0000 UTC    2026-03-31 07:59:21 +0000 UTC
File    etc/os-release       2026-03-31 07:57:46 +0000 UTC    2026-03-31 07:59:21 +0000 UTC
File    sys/                 2026-03-31 07:57:46 +0000 UTC    2026-03-31 07:59:21 +0000 UTC
File    var/cache/           2026-03-31 07:57:46 +0000 UTC    2026-03-31 07:59:21 +0000 UTC
File    var/cache/ldconfig/  2026-03-31 07:57:46 +0000 UTC    2026-03-31 07:59:21 +0000 UTC
File    proc/                2026-03-31 07:57:46 +0000 UTC    2026-03-31 07:59:21 +0000 UTC
File    dev/                 2026-03-31 07:57:46 +0000 UTC    2026-03-31 07:59:21 +0000 UTC

You can check the related change set in our archlinux-docker repository for more details.
Thanks to Mark for his help on that front!

This represents yet another meaningful achievement regarding our general “reproducible builds” efforts and I’m already looking forward to the next step! 🤗

For what it’s worth, I’m eventually considering setting up a rebuilder for this Docker image (as well as for the WSL image and future eventual reproducible images) on my server in order to periodically / automatically rebuild the latest image available, verify it’s reproducibility status and share build logs / results publicly somewhere (if I find the time to get to it 👼).

Linux may be ending support for older network drivers due to influx of false AI-generated bug reports — maintenance has become too burdensome for old large...

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 19:33:28 +0000

Linux kernel developers are reviewing a proposal to remove obsolete ISA and PCMCIA-era Ethernet drivers from the mainline kernel, citing rising maintenance burden from AI-driven bug reports and fuzzing. The change would cut around 27,000 lines of legacy code

Valve VRAM hack may improve gaming on 4GB GPUs — testing showed mixed results in select titles, with FPS almost tripling in certain games

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 19:33:28 +0000

Valve’s VRAM hack can boost performance on 4GB GPUs, with testing showing FPS gains of up to 3x in some titles, though results vary widely depending on the game and settings.

Linux 7.1 update includes new in-kernel NTFS driver — delivers storage support upgrade for Linux users

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 19:33:27 +0000

Linux 7.1 is bringing what might be the biggest under-the-radar storage change in years: a new in-kernel NTFS driver.

Hello Again, SuSE Linux | Brain Baking

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 17:35:29 +0000

It’s good to see you again, old friend. It’s been a while. Twenty-three years, you say? How come we managed to drift apart that far? I know, I know, I betrayed you. But my room was cold at night and Gentoo offered me the ability to keep on compiling. And then I betrayed GNU/Linux for FreeBSD. And then I switched the demon for the apple. I’ve been on an apple diet for so long now, I can barely remember the tux.

What is it you say? Oh, it’s openSUSE now. Sure, you’re a chameleon, you can take on any colour you’d like. Great to see it’s still green. I like green. How’s YaST doing these days? zypper? What’s that, no more rpm -i? That’s cool, it looks like you’ve made some progress! Let’s make a screenshot the proper nerdy way and do some uname -a | cowsay in a terminal! Oh, that’s no longer cool? fastfetch? So first zypper install fastfetch and then that command? Let’s try that:

openSUSE Tumbleweed running on the HP work laptop.

My last experience with the Linux desktop was indeed about twenty years ago. Since 2012, I’ve been a macOS user. I’m no longer proud of it: I miss Linux and I think macOS is boring and full of bloat. Yet the rise of the Apple silicon made me buy another one in 2020, which is still the one I’m using right now. The hardware is amazing, the screen is amazing, and the weight and fanless features are amazing. But I still miss customisation features—the ability to truly make the desktop mine—and I stopped updating the OS as a protest to ever increasing bloatware. This laptop is still running Sonoma which is bad enough as it is.

I have no intentions to go out and buy another machine any time soon; this one’s still doing fine; but I did start to wonder. What if… I got a ThinkPad and installed Linux back onto it? Would the hardware match the high standards I’m accustomed to now? Would I still be able to make my way around the OS? I ran GNOME 2 and KDE 3 (and then got nerdy with Fvwm). I compiled my own Linux 2.6 kernel patches back when that was brand new. I have no idea what’s happening now. That’s not to say that I don’t touch Linux: I use it daily to host this website, to run the NAS at home, and in virtual containers. But that’s not the Linux Desktop Experience.

My main motivation for moving away from Linux was my frustration with endless configuration and compilation. Back in the day, hibernate didn’t just work out of the box, the fan speed had to be configured depending on the type of the laptop, nVidia drivers were a pain (still are), etc. Work and life started getting in the way: I no longer had endless seas of time on my hand to go nuts with Gentoo. With two young kids, that times has dwindled even more, so NixOS or even Arch is out of the question.

Being fed up with the crappy Windows 11 installation on my work laptop, I wiped that partition and remembered my old friend The European Chameleon. So here I am, testing the waters yet again. Thanks to Valve, Lutris is amazing. KDE Plasma feels mature (even though some configuration settings seem sluggish). I don’t want to dive into the rabbit hole of AwesomeWM (but I do). I don’t want to try and live without systemd or have to hurt my brain about X11 vs Wayland. I want the thing to “just work”. I want my chameleon to be an apple. A proper one, like a “back in the day” apple one.

I haven’t had the time to give openSUSE a proper trail. I’m mainly fighting my muscle memory with CMD versus that strange CTRL location which is somewhat diminished by Toshy that then doesn’t work well in combination with my Emacs configuration. What I did notice is that hibernation/suspend is still ugly: if I close the lid for a night without putting the laptop in true hibernate mode (with its dedicated swap partition), the battery drain is ridiculous, especially coming from a MacBook Air that I just jam shut and open up again a hundred times a day.

This made me realise I will probably have to give up on the hardware quality part if my next laptop is going to be a non-Apple one. Which I don’t really want to? Seb and I discussed which laptop to get when ours would break down. The Framework is an obvious one as are the System76 ones that specifically support Linux. Alex White’s everyday carry post made me realise the build quality of these is average at best. It’s going to be a painful experience migrating from that. I know Kev is happy with his Framework, but I’m not yet fully convinced. The fact that this HP EliteBook 6 G1a 16 work laptop’s screen and overall build quality is terrible is not helping either. The touchpad palm detection experience is horrible on KDE.

Let’s first give the chameleon another chance to see if on an OS level I could live without macOS and my usual mac-exclusive power tools. The ones I’ll miss the most might be Alfred and DEVONthink. My recent migration to do-everything-in-Emacs does make the transition a lot easier. I also moved from iTerm2 to Ghostty last year and am now trying out Kitty with the Fish shell. My RSS feed now lives inside my FreshRSS server making me less dependent on NetNewsWire.

Software-wise, I’m getting there. I’m sure I’ll get there.

But what about hardware-wise?

software linux

Linux 7.0 Released

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:46:55 +0000

Linux 7.0 Released

The new kernel version is out, this time with an increased major number. As usual, despite the perceived importance of the version number, this is just one release more. That means no spectacular announcements; just consistent work, more features, more fixes, better support.

A couple of non-technical changes stand out in this release: Rust is no longer considered experimental in the kernel, and there is now an official policy on tool-generated content. The kernel keeps evolving and this will surely pave the way for future development in the coming years.

For a detailed list of changes, you can check the KernelNewbies ChangeLog.

At Igalia, the Linux kernel is one of ever-present work areas and interests and we keep contributing to it on many fronts. Here’s our list of contributions and patches for this release.

Igalia changelog

Direct Rendering Manager improvements

Our work on the DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) continues. Being one of our biggest areas of contribution, in this release we once again provided improvements.

In the AMD display driver, we fixed unexpected color results reported by SteamOS/Gamescope users. These were related to incorrect mapping of color values made by the AMD color module when programming some color transformations into the hardware. We also improved the support for newer hardware families by exposing missing plane color blocks.

Further, we provided many assorted patches to do various cleanups in the TTM layer and multiple small (but important!) fixes in the AMD, Intel and v3d drivers, as well as a fix for the framebuffer probing on the Valve Steam Deck.

New BPF helpers for sched_ext schedulers

For the past couple of years, we’ve been consistently contributing to sched_ext and, in particular, to the scx_lavd scheduler to enhance the gaming experience in Linux, improving the latency and interactivity under gaming workloads.

In this release, we introduced a set of BPF helper APIs –bpf_in_nmi(), bpf_in_hardirq(), bpf_in_serving_softirq(), and bpf_in_task() – along with their corresponding self-tests. These helpers allow BPF programs to precisely detect their execution context. This capability is particularly valuable for sched_ext schedulers; for instance, a BPF scheduler like scx_lavd can now distinguish whether a task was woken up by another process or via an interrupt, enabling more informed scheduling decisions.

Small fixes to RPi pmdomain and vc4 fixes for RPi 3

In our ongoing effort to improve Raspberry Pi devices, we addressed several issues related to the RPi 4 power domain, fixing system hangs during power transitions and correcting a broken reset status read. Additionally, on the RPi 3, we resolved a couple of memory leaks, race conditions, and PM reference imbalances, improving overall reliability for RPi users.

Assorted bug fixes and maintainability improvements

As usual, we helped with the never-ending task of fixing bugs, this time clearing up a few of them in the Bluetooth stack and the DRM TTM.

We determined the root cause of two race conditions in the thermal subsystem’s core that could potentially cause a system crash, and developed synthetic reproducers for it. Even though the approach selected to address the issue was not our proposed fix, we contributed to its code review and testing with our specific understanding of the issue and synthetic reproducers, improving the overall quality of the fix.

Another important and often overlooked type of contribution is the refactoring of code to make it more maintainable. In this case, by replacing deprecated APIs and legacy macros. We submitted some patches to do this kind of update in parts of the DRM subsystem and the v3d driver.

Other

As with every release, we helped with assorted janitor tasks such as documentation fixes and cleanups — specifically improving the exportfs and DRM documentation — as well as the usual share of reviews and tests.

Authored (52)

Alberto Garcia

PM: hibernate: Drain trailing zero pages on userspace restore

André Almeida

Changwoo Min

Heitor Alves de Siqueira

Helen Koike

Maíra Canal

Melissa Wen

Rodrigo Siqueira

Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo

Tvrtko Ursulin

Reviewed (29)

Christian Gmeiner

Gavin Guo

mm/huge_memory: fix early failure try_to_migrate() when split huge pmd for shared THP

Iago Toral Quiroga

Mauricio Faria de Oliveira

thermal: core: Address thermal zone removal races with resume

Maíra Canal

Melissa Wen

Rodrigo Siqueira

drm/amd/display: Reject cursor plane on DCE when scaled differently than primary

Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo

Tvrtko Ursulin

Tested (6)

Helen Koike

netfilter: nf_tables: Fix for duplicate device in netdev hooks

Mauricio Faria de Oliveira

thermal: core: Address thermal zone removal races with resume

Melissa Wen

Acked (4)

Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo

Tvrtko Ursulin

drm/i915: Fix BO alloc flags

Maintainer SoB (6)

Christian Gmeiner

Maíra Canal

drm/v3d: Set DMA segment size to avoid debug warnings

Igalia at OSPM Summit

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:46:55 +0000

Next week we will be at the Operating-System-Directed Power-Management (OSPM) Summit, VIII edition, which will be held at Arm in Cambridge (UK), on April 14-16.

Changwoo Min and Gavin Guo will share lessons learned from evolving scx_lavd (Latency-Aware Virtual Deadline), a sched_ex scheduler, to support strict container isolation, complex server topologies, and energy-aware scheduling.

The talk will happen on the second day of the summit, on Wednesday, 15th April. We hope to see you there!

Igalia 2026 Coding Experience Open for Applications

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:46:55 +0000

Are you looking for your first open source experience in a professional environment? If so, we invite you to apply to the 2026 Coding Experience (CE) Program. This year, we are accepting candidates to participate on one of the following five areas: Linux Packaging, Graphics, JavaScript DevTools, Multimedia and GStreamer, and Web Standards.

CE participants receive financial compensation of €7,000 for 450 hours of work time over a period of either 3 or 6 months, on a schedule that works best for you. Each CE participant is mentored by one of Igalia’s outstanding open source contributors, and acquire knowledge and skills that will benefit them well beyond the program. The Coding Experience is remote-friendly, in keeping with Igalia’s fully-remote structure.

Applicants to the program can be students enrolled in an official education program, such as a college degree program, or can be students in alternative learning itineraries (e.g., self-learning). The CE program is also open to people who are in a later stage of their professional career, do not have experience working in tech fields, and are willing to refocus.

Igalia welcomes all applicants regardless of their age, disability, gender, race, marital status, religion, sexual orientation, or any other marginalized identity. Due to our strong commitment to diversity and inclusion, we would like to expressly invite individuals from underrepresented communities in our industry to apply.

The application period is open through April 3rd, 2026, with applicants being informed of their acceptance status by mid-May. If you’re interested in learning more about the Coding Experience program or you are ready to apply, please visit the Igalia Coding Experience page.

Installing Android and Linux on Switch

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 15:17:04 +0000

QuotedInstalling Android on the Nintendo Switch by Max Glenister (blog.omgmog.net)

Installing Android on it turned out to be fairly well-documented. There are a few different options for the Switch - the Switchroot project maintains Android 10 and 11 builds alongside Linux images (Ubuntu, Fedora), and LineageOS now has official support going up to Android 15.

I had seen on the LineageOS website that the LineageOS project supports a couple of different Nintendo Switch models. While I have run LineageOS on phones and tablets, I will stick to Nintendo’s stock OS on the Switch. But I was curious about how LineageOS would run on a Switch, which made me read Max Glenister’s article on Installing Android on the Nintendo Switch with interest. To be sure, his article has interesting notes about installing LineageOS 22 on the Switch and how it performs. But I am sharing his article because it noted that “the Switchroot project maintains Android 10 and 11 builds alongside Linux images (Ubuntu, Fedora), and LineageOS now has official support going uip to Android 15.” I followed the link and saw that the Switchroot project also supports Lakka, which is a sort of Retro Arch-based OS. That would be an interesting option for a Switch that is being used only for games.

Installing Android and Linux on Switch (https://social.emucafe.org/naferrell/installing-android-and-linux-on-switch-04-19-26/) by Nicholas A. Ferrell first appeared on The Emu Café Social on April 19, 2026. Thank you for subscribing to our feed, the best way to follow The Emu Café Social. Copyright 2026 The Emu Café Social and/or the listed author. All rights reserved.

Source

Project Glasswing quiere dar a los mantenedores de open source una IA de élite

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 13:20:29 +0000

La Linux Foundation ha decidido poner el foco en uno de los colectivos más desbordados y menos visibles del ecosistema tecnológico: los mantenedores de software open source. Su mensaje es claro y, al mismo tiempo, inquietante. Los nuevos modelos de Inteligencia Artificial no solo escriben mejor código, también están empezando a encontrar vulnerabilidades inéditas con una eficacia que puede alterar el equilibrio de la ciberseguridad. Y si esa capacidad acaba primero en manos ofensivas, el software abierto —que sostiene buena parte de la infraestructura digital del mundo— puede entrar en una etapa especialmente delicada.

Para responder a ese riesgo, la Linux Foundation se ha sumado a Project Glasswing, la iniciativa impulsada por Anthropic junto a Amazon Web Services, Apple, Broadcom, Cisco, CrowdStrike, Google, JPMorganChase, Microsoft, NVIDIA y Palo Alto Networks. El objetivo no es lanzar otro asistente de código, sino usar Claude Mythos Preview, un modelo todavía no publicado de forma general, para tareas defensivas: encontrar fallos, ayudar a parchearlos y reducir la presión que hoy soportan los proyectos críticos de código abierto. Anthropic sostiene que Mythos ya ha encontrado miles de vulnerabilidades de alta severidad, incluidas algunas en los principales sistemas operativos y navegadores web.

El problema ya no es solo el software inseguro, sino el ritmo del ataque

Jim Zemlin, CEO de la Linux Foundation, plantea el desafío en términos bastante directos. En su artículo sobre Glasswing, recuerda que el open source es hoy la forma dominante de software consumido por la empresa y, por tanto, uno de los mayores objetivos posibles para atacantes. Hospitales, bancos, telecomunicaciones, transporte y servicios digitales críticos dependen de componentes abiertos mantenidos a menudo por comunidades pequeñas o equipos con recursos limitados. Al mismo tiempo, esos mantenedores están recibiendo más pull requests, más informes de seguridad —muchos ya generados con IA— y más presión derivada de ataques a la cadena de suministro.

La lectura de la Linux Foundation coincide con la de Anthropic: el periodo más peligroso no será necesariamente el de madurez, sino el de transición. Si las nuevas capacidades de búsqueda y explotación de fallos avanzan más rápido que las defensas y los procesos de parcheo, el coste para el software crítico puede crecer con mucha rapidez. Por eso Project Glasswing no se presenta como una simple colaboración tecnológica, sino como una maniobra preventiva para dar herramientas de primer nivel a quienes mantienen piezas esenciales de la infraestructura digital.

La apuesta: que la IA encuentre y arregle antes de que otros exploten

Lo más interesante del enfoque de la Linux Foundation no está solo en la detección de vulnerabilidades, sino en la posibilidad de que la IA ayude también a corregirlas. Zemlin sostiene que, cuando estas herramientas funcionan bien, aportan escala y velocidad para analizar código, detectar patrones y proponer soluciones a partir de correcciones previas. Incluso cita una valoración breve, pero significativa, de Greg Kroah-Hartman, mantenedor clave del kernel Linux, que después de mostrarse inicialmente escéptico llegó a describir algunos parches generados por IA como “pretty good”. En ese contexto, el atractivo de Glasswing es evidente: menos tiempo dedicado a jugar permanentemente a la defensa y más margen para seguir desarrollando el proyecto.

Anthropic, por su parte, ha explicado que Project Glasswing dará acceso a Mythos Preview a los socios de lanzamiento y a más de 40 organizaciones adicionales que construyen o mantienen software crítico, para analizar tanto sistemas propios como componentes open source. La compañía también ha prometido compartir aprendizajes con la industria y publicar, en un plazo de 90 días, lo que pueda revelar sobre vulnerabilidades corregidas y mejoras derivadas del programa. Además, planea trabajar con organizaciones de seguridad para producir recomendaciones prácticas sobre divulgación de fallos, procesos de actualización, seguridad de la cadena de suministro y automatización del parcheo.

Dinero, acceso gratuito y el intento de evitar una brecha entre grandes y pequeños

Una parte esencial de Glasswing es económica. Zemlin subraya que este tipo de capacidades no puede quedar reservado a quienes tienen grandes presupuestos o plantillas de seguridad muy amplias. En su artículo insiste en que el acceso debe distribuirse de forma más equilibrada entre quienes sostienen el software crítico del mundo, y que el coste no puede convertirse en una nueva barrera. En línea con eso, Anthropic ha comprometido hasta 100 millones de dólares en créditos de uso para Mythos Preview dentro del programa y 4 millones de dólares en donaciones directas a organizaciones vinculadas a la seguridad del open source.

El reparto de esa financiación también ayuda a entender la estrategia. Según Anthropic, 2,5 millones de dólares irán a Alpha-Omega y OpenSSF a través de la Linux Foundation, mientras que 1,5 millones se han destinado a la Apache Software Foundation. La propia ASF ya ha confirmado esa donación y ha explicado que servirá para reforzar infraestructura, procesos de seguridad, servicios para proyectos y soporte a la comunidad. Anthropic añade además que los mantenedores interesados en acceder a estas capacidades podrán hacerlo a través de su programa Claude for Open Source.

Ese detalle es importante porque desplaza el eje del debate. La pregunta ya no es solo si una gran tecnológica puede usar IA para auditar mejor su propio código, sino si quienes mantienen librerías, herramientas y componentes básicos del ecosistema también podrán contar con esa ayuda sin quedar fuera por coste o por falta de infraestructura. Glasswing, al menos sobre el papel, intenta responder a ese desequilibrio.

Un proyecto prometedor, pero también una señal de alarma

Conviene no perder de vista el tono del anuncio. La Linux Foundation no lo presenta como una mejora incremental, sino como una reacción ante una amenaza real. Zemlin habla de un momento especialmente peligroso, en el que los atacantes podrían ganar ventaja significativa mientras el ecosistema tecnológico digiere el impacto de estas nuevas herramientas. Anthropic va incluso más lejos al justificar que Mythos Preview no se publique de forma abierta por su capacidad para encontrar y explotar fallos a gran escala. En otras palabras, Glasswing no es solo un programa de ayuda a mantenedores; es también la confirmación de que la IA ofensiva ya está lo bastante madura como para obligar a reorganizar la defensa.

La gran incógnita es si esta respuesta llegará con la velocidad suficiente. Los mantenedores de open source llevan años trabajando con menos visibilidad, menos incentivos y menos apoyo estructural del que exige la importancia real de su trabajo. Si Glasswing logra convertir esa nueva generación de IA en una herramienta útil para encontrar, priorizar y corregir fallos antes de que se exploten, el impacto puede ser enorme. Si se queda en un programa valioso pero demasiado limitado para la magnitud del problema, el riesgo seguirá ahí. La Linux Foundation, al menos, ha dejado clara una idea: el open source no puede entrar en la era de la IA defensiva con herramientas del pasado.

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Qué es exactamente Project Glasswing?
Es una iniciativa coordinada por Anthropic junto a grandes empresas tecnológicas y la Linux Foundation para usar Claude Mythos Preview con fines defensivos, especialmente en la búsqueda y corrección de vulnerabilidades en software crítico, incluido open source.

¿Por qué la Linux Foundation considera urgente este proyecto?
Porque sostiene que los nuevos modelos de IA ya están mostrando una capacidad inédita para descubrir vulnerabilidades, incluso en sistemas muy endurecidos, mientras los mantenedores de open source soportan cada vez más carga operativa y de seguridad.

¿Los mantenedores de open source tendrán acceso gratuito?
Ese es uno de los objetivos declarados. La Linux Foundation afirma que el acceso debe ser gratuito para evitar fricción económica, y Anthropic indica que los mantenedores podrán solicitar acceso a través de Claude for Open Source.

¿Qué financiación acompaña a Glasswing para el open source?
Anthropic ha comprometido hasta 100 millones de dólares en créditos de uso del modelo y 4 millones en donaciones: 2,5 millones para Alpha-Omega y OpenSSF a través de la Linux Foundation y 1,5 millones para la Apache Software Foundation.

vía: linuxfoundation

hails/wsl9x: Windows 9x subsystem for Linux - Codeberg.org

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 12:47:21 +0000

Windows 9x subsystem for Linux

Hailey Somerville 0cac695aa2 add note to readme		2026-04-22 21:06:46 +10:00
bin	it loads!	2026-04-13 23:15:09 +10:00
ddk	fix vxdjmp macro, use vxdjmp in dev_vmm_cproc	2026-04-18 10:48:19 +10:00
inc	very messy but it does spawn sh on a console	2026-04-21 19:00:21 +10:00
vxd	tidy	2026-04-22 16:10:29 +10:00
wsl	very messy but it does spawn sh on a console	2026-04-21 19:00:21 +10:00
.envrc.example	add readme, screenshot, example envrc	2026-04-22 15:47:36 +10:00
.gitignore	just vendor fixlink	2026-04-21 19:01:32 +10:00
bochs.bxrc	it loads!	2026-04-13 23:15:09 +10:00
config.sys	it loads!	2026-04-13 23:15:09 +10:00
fixlink.c	just vendor fixlink	2026-04-21 19:01:32 +10:00
Makefile	symlink vmlinux in makefile	2026-04-22 15:37:13 +10:00
mtoolsrc	it loads!	2026-04-13 23:15:09 +10:00
README.md	add note to readme	2026-04-22 21:06:46 +10:00
screenshot.png	add readme, screenshot, example envrc	2026-04-22 15:47:36 +10:00
system.ini	it loads!	2026-04-13 23:15:09 +10:00

README.md

WSL9x

Windows 9x Subsystem for Linux.

WSL9x runs a modern Linux kernel (6.19 at time of writing) cooperatively inside the Windows 9x kernel, enabling users to take advantage of the full suite of capabilities of both operating systems at the same time, including paging, memory protection, and pre-emptive scheduling. Run all your favourite applications side by side - no rebooting required!

Proudly written with zero AI.

Building and running

You will need a cross toolchain targeting i386-linux-musl on PATH. Use musl-cross-make to build one
You will need the Open Watcom v2 toolchain for building the Windows components

Build a patched Linux kernel from my win9x-um-6.19 branch

$ make defconfig ARCH=um SUBARCH=i386 KBUILD_DEFCONFIG=win9x
$ make vmlinux ARCH=um SUBARCH=i386 -j $(nproc)

Set env vars appropriately for the WSL9x build, in particular you will need to point WATCOM and LINUX at the right places. See .envrc.example for an example
You will need a hard drive image hdd.base.img with Windows 9x pre-installed
Run make - this will produce a new hdd.img with WSL9x ready to go.
Run wsl at the MS-DOS prompt to open a pty. If you'd like to use ANSI colours, make sure you have an appropriate driver loaded before running wsl. nnansi.com is a good option.

License

GPL-3

Isolated & Sandboxed WSL Environments with Debian Slim // Tony Metzidis

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 11:10:59 +0000

This approach moves away from the “one big distro” model, which often leads to 100GB+ VHDX files and dependency hell. Instead, we use a modular, immutable-ish workflow by utilizing the debian:stable-slim Docker image as our “Gold Master.” It makes recovery loads easier, and isolates each project, which is expecially important with so many supply chain attacks today.

The Architecture of a Sandboxed WSL Environment

The goal is to create a clean Base Image, snapshot it, and then spin up lightweight, project-specific Instances. This ensures that an experimental library or a legacy Node.js version in one project never touches your primary development environment.

Step 1: Prepare the Gold Master (Base Image)

First, we pull the most minimal Debian footprint available and import it as our template.

Get the RootFS: In PowerShell:

docker pull debian:stable-slim
docker create --name temp-debian debian:stable-slim
docker export temp-debian -o debian-slim.tar
docker rm temp-debian

Import as a Template:

wsl --import Debian-Master C:\WSL\Debian-Master .\debian-slim.tar

Note Debian-slim images are extemely minimal . No man pages, no sudo, no users. They “boot” as root . For WSL, this is more convenient, and secure since each sandbox is restricted to only your toolchain and no services or Windows resources.

Step 2: Setup the Toolchain (Node/NVM)

Enter the new Debian-Master and install your core essentials. We keep this minimal: just the tools required to fetch other tools.

# Update and install minimal build dependencies
apt update && apt install -y vim-tiny curl procps locale git 
# use the lightest locale settings
echo "LANG=C.UTF-8" > /etc/default/locale

# Install NVM
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash

# Load NVM and install LTS
source ~/.bashrc
nvm install --lts

# Install Go
VERSION="1.26.1" && curl -LO https://go.dev/dl/go$VERSION.linux-amd64.tar.gz && \
tar -C /usr/local -xzf go$VERSION.linux-amd64.tar.gz && rm go$VERSION.linux-amd64.tar.gz && \
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin' >> ~/.bashrc

Step 3: Hardening the `wsl.conf`

Before snapshotting, we define the security boundaries. We want to disable Windows integration by default so that the sandbox is actually a sandbox.

Edit /etc/wsl.conf:

enabled = false: Stops the entire C: drive from being mounted.
appendWindowsPath = false: Prevents Linux from seeing Windows .exe files in the $PATH.

Step 4: Snapshot to VHD Gold Master

Now we save this “Clean State.” Using the --vhd format is critical for 2026 performance; it allows for block-level imports later.

In PowerShell:

wsl --terminate Debian-Master
wsl --export Debian-Master D:\WSL\Templates\Debian-Gold.vhdx --format vhd

Step 5: Deploying a Project Sandbox (Example: OpenClaw)

Imagine you are working on the OpenClaw engine. You want this project completely isolated. You don’t need access to your Windows browser, and you certainly don’t want it accessing your Windows files.

Clone the Instance:

wsl --import OpenClaw C:\WSL\Instances\OpenClaw D:\WSL\Templates\Debian-Gold.vhdx --vhd

Verify the Sandbox: Inside the OpenClaw instance, run:

# This should fail/return nothing because interop is disabled
cmd.exe /c "echo hello"

# This should be empty because automount is disabled
ls /mnt/c

Why This Wins

Speed: Importing a VHD is near-instant. Base image is 100MB and Gold Master will full toolchain is 700MB
Security: By disabling interop and automount in the base image, every project you spawn is “Secure by Default.”
Storage: If you enable sparseVhd=true in your global .wslconfig, these snapshots only take up the space of the actual files inside them.
Consistency : Every new instance is identical to the Gold Master. Recovering a corrupted environment takes moments . Just export the code and reimport the Gold Master.

Final Thought for the Go/Node Dev

By treating your WSL distributions like cattle, not pets, you can experiment with global npm packages or system-level Go binaries without fear. If the environment gets messy, wsl --unregister and a 2-second --import --vhd puts you right back at your clean “Gold Master” state.

Valve's big Steam Deck update makes old hardware feel new

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 09:13:39 +0000

Valve's Steam Deck has had a hell of a run. Except for adding an OLED display into the mix, the wildly popular handheld hasn't changed a smidge mechanically. But Valve is great about pushing regular updates to the handheld's operating system, Steam OS — new code that (usually) stabilizes gameplay and allows its aging hardware to run a little more smoothly. — Read the rest

The post Valve's big Steam Deck update makes old hardware feel new appeared first on Boing Boing.

My new baby, Azusa

Wed, 22 Apr 2026 07:53:01 +0000

Ever since Asus’ announcement of the Eee PC, I was interested to buy one, since I really need a replacement notebook for my display-dead Compaq Presario v2000, which is now on desktop mode connected to a much cheaper (PHP 10,000) external Samsung 19″ wide-screen LCD than a replacement (PHP 13,000~20,000) 14″ built-in one.

I actually bought one the moment an 8G galaxy black model came out on the US. That was early April this year, but my aunt who lives there had filled up the box meant to be sent here just about the end of May. Anyway, I’m just glad I’ve finally gotten a hold of my new baby I named Azusa the 23^rd of July. That was almost 4 months of waiting. The Eee PC 90x is already out in some parts of the world. T_T

She was so named from being an Asus laptop and a certain fictional high school teacher from a 1998 Japanese television drama played by the beautiful Nanako Matsushima.

I was planning to experiment which operating system I could use to replace its custom Xandros-based Linux distro that I find a little bit restrictive. I’m thinking Ubuntu Eee, but suggestions are very welcome.

Right now, I’m making this entry from Azusa herself. I hope, now that I’m confirmed as a camper for the upcoming WordCamp Philippines 2008, there would be free Internet access that I may enjoy on-site blogging.

I guess I’d review my Eee PC experience during the past 3 ½ days:

I was actually surprised how well it receives Wi-Fi signals from my router about 15 meters away from our living room, even my uncle is having a hard time with Wi-Fi on his Toshiba Satellite.

It is actually not so hard to type on this little keyboard, I just hope I could find a way to convert the input method to Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layout (one thing that makes me want to get rid of its custom Xandros-based Linux). It just bothers me with the lack of independent Home, End, PgUp and PgDn buttons, which are mapped to Fn+←, Fn+→, Fn+↑ and Fn+↓, respectively.

I couldn’t actually feel I’m on a sub-GHz Celeron processor right now—it boots up really quickly. Probably, if I’ve loaded this with a Microsoft OS, it would be a bit more sluggish.

Certain applications are somehow hidden from normal view, I wish I could create shortcuts for the text editor, terminal/console app, and a lot more customizations and settings.

Well, that’s it for now. More reviews later when I finally have time to experiment and do more stuff with my first ever product of blogging for money. Next stop? A digital single-lens reflex camera.

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Step 3: Hardening the `wsl.conf`