An attacker with ADB access to an Android device can trick the “run-as” tool into believing any app is debuggable. By doing so, they can read and write private data and invoke system APIs as if they were most apps on the system—including many privileged apps, but not ones that run as the system user. Furthermore, they can achieve persistent code execution as Google Mobile Services (GMS) or as apps that use its SDKs by altering executable code that GMS caches in its data directory.
