Instrumental Variables estimation is one of the most popular techniques in causal inference. But it can be a little hard to understand, especially when it is presented with terms mostly familiar to economists, such as “endogeneity” and “correlated with the error term”. In this blog post, I share some visualizations that gave me better intuitions about it. The post is designed for scientists and engineers who are familiar with causal inference, but who have a visual way of thinking tha...
