Charles S. Peirce is widely acknowledged as one of the founders of philosophical pragmatism and semiotics. After he died in 1914, Harvard University acquired Pierce’s writings to preserve them for future study, collecting approximately 1,650 unpublished manuscripts for over 100,000 pages. Carefully cataloged by his pupil Richard Robin, the archive was microfilmed in the 1960s, and the Houghton Library subsequently digitized the microfilms, but their limited legibility recently persuaded the...