Botswana, a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, has a rich and fascinating history deeply intertwined with its geographic, cultural, and political evolution. Before colonial rule, the area now known as Botswana was inhabited by various ethnic groups, most notably the Tswana people, whose centralized kingdoms, such as the BaNgwato, BaKgatla, and BaKwena, controlled vast regions. The earliest known inhabitants were the San (Bushmen), hunter-gatherers whose descendants still live in t...
