Most web applications will add/remove columns over time. This is extremely common early on and even mature applications will continue modifying their schemas with new columns. An all too common pitfall when adding new columns is setting a not null constraint in Postgres. Not null constraints What happens when you have a not null constraint on a table is it will re-write the entire table. Under the cover Postgres is really just an append only log. So when you update or delete data it’s reall...