Charitable giving in the United States as a percentage of national income, about 2%, is significantly higher than the comparable percentage in other rich countries. How do people decide which causes to support? One approach is “effective altruism” which focuses on what’s important (primarily saving lives, no matter where), what’s effective but neglected (saving lives in extremely poor countries), and what’s tractable (by being able to quantify the efficacy of charity). Jonathan Meer...