One of the reasons modern computers are so fast is because of multi-core processors. New CPUs can execute many instructions in parallel. How many? As many as the number of logical CPU cores. This allows us, programmers, to run code in parallel using Threads. While this is great, it presents problems like race conditions and resource access from multiple threads. Locks provide a solution to some of those problems but add a new set of problems like Deadlocks and Lock contention.
