Background: This systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) for individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The study was motivated by the inconsistent findings of prior studies comparing dTMS and HF-rTMS for depression treatment. The researchers hypothesized that dTMS would yield a signifi...