Update to Can't Work: shortly after that post, I sent my boss an email explaining the situation and asking if they could get me a new computer (the worst they can say is no) or, barring that, change the scheduled Windows Defender scan to happen in the evenings, when it can't interrupt my work. I didn't think the former would happen, but I figured the latter was a sensible request that would make me much more productive, so if they said no, my conscience would be clear.