What followed Web 2.0 was not Web 3.0 (or Web3 for that matter), but a degraded version of the internet. Maybe we should call it Web -1.0, but a more scatological term has taken hold instead: enshittification. It describes a period, roughly during the 2010s, when internet platform companies like Facebook, Twitter and Apple purposefully made their online products less user friendly, more difficult for developers to build on, and more prone to disrupting online publishers. Here are three examples:
