Real personal consumption expenditures (PCE) by state increased in 48 states and the District of Columbia in 2023, according to statistics released today by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The percent change in real PCE ranged from 7.3 percent in Maine to –0.6 percent in Alabama (table 1). Real personal income increased in 46 states and the District of Columbia in 2023, with the percent change ranging from 6.0 percent in Vermont to –2.0 percent in Iowa.