Carl Hendrick in Aeon on our apparent failure to form growth mindset theory into an effective intervention: In their book Effective Teaching (2011), the UK education scholars Daniel Muijs and David Reynolds note: ‘At the end of the day, the research reviewed has shown that the effect of achievement on self-concept is stronger that the effect of self-concept on achievement.’ Many interventions in education have the causal arrow pointed the wrong way round. Motivational posters and talks ar...