Alexander R. Luria conducted ethnographic research in 1931 and 1932 in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan (Soviet Union). A natural experiment was happening between villages as some were illiterate / oral while members of others started communes and attended basic school. Luria’s work was released in 1976 as Cognitive Development: Its Cultural and Social Foundation. Illiterate or oral subjects prioritized direct and situational experience as opposed to abstract and conceptual thinking. They: Identif...
