Abstract Rare sugars are valuable for food and pharmaceutical applications. D-Mannose, a low-calorie sweetener, is traditionally produced via chemical extraction from plant biomass, which is unsustainable, while enzymatic methods suffer from low yields due to equilibrium limitations. Here, we demonstrate that Escherichia coli can naturally synthesize D-mannose from D-glucose through a phosphorylation–isomerization–dephosphorylation pathway. We enhanced D-mannose production […] The pos...