Understanding the risk of introduction of marine non-native species requires data on pathways, including the level of biofouling present on vessels, vessel operating profiles and maintenance regimes. This study presents the first snapshot of the levels of biofouling associated with vessels operating around the sub-Antarctic islands of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI), revealing moderate levels of all types of biofouling combined (including visible biofilms) but low levels ...
