TL;DR: In our latest research, we designed, implemented, and evaluated three bribery attacks. They aim to violate three fundamental properties of consensus protocols. PayToAttest: Tramples safety by enabling vote buying (attestations). PayToExit: Incentivizes validators to cease participating in the consensus, thereby threatening liveness. PayToBias: RANDAO bribery market impacting fairness. Our results show that these attacks are surprisingly cheap and practical, with bribes as low as 0.09 E...
