Coauthored with Augusto Teixeira.Special thanks to Diego Nehab and Luca Donno for reviewing this piece. Recent ZK advances have reignited interest in Non-Interactive (NI) ZK Fraud Proofs like Kailua and OP Succinct Lite, pitched as a “best of both worlds”: no refutation costs when there is no fraud, and a single ZK proof to invalidate fraud when it occurs. Projects like Eclipse, BOB, SOON, and MegaETH have embraced this model, and even Arbitrum has signaled interest. This enthusiasm led u...
