1st December 2023 High quality early childhood education and care (ECEC) is part of England's critical social infrastructure, and critical to progress on gender equality. Since Fawcett's last study on early education and childcare in 2022, there has been increasing consensus that our system needs substantial reform. That means we need to look to ways we can transform our system. This background report is part 1 of our 2-part project - supported by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation - looking ...