A few years ago I came across a Leiningen project that defined profiles for :project/dev, :profiles/dev, :project/test, and :profiles/test. It took me a little bit of digging, but eventually I discovered what was happening. This is a convention that I think originated with James Reeves. I’m reposting my issue comment here, so it can be more accessible for searchers. If you see profiles like this in a project.clj, here is what is happening: