Have you successfully migrated your WPA2-Personal SSIDs to WPA3-Personal security? Is your home Wi-Fi running WPA3-Personal only, or are you …Continue reading →| mrn-cciew
In the 6 GHz band, there are several modes of operation. In most regulatory domains, only the LPI (Low Power …Continue reading →| mrn-cciew
With the MLO (Multi-Link Operation) feature of IEEE 802.11be—the foundation of Wi-Fi 7—the client association process becomes more complex due …Continue reading →| mrn-cciew
I was recently invited to a podcast by Candela Technologies – India to talk about something close to my heart: …Continue reading →| mrn-cciew
In this post, let’s explore the Multi-Link association process in detail. I captured a PCAP when an Intel BE200 client device associated with a Cisco 9178 AP managed by a 9800-CL controller. …| mrn-cciew
Let’s explore how Wi-Fi 7 client association differs from that of earlier Wi-Fi generations. When it comes to Wi-Fi troubleshooting, …Continue reading →| mrn-cciew
Over the years of teaching Wi-Fi and troubleshooting, I’ve noticed a common challenge: many students and even experienced professionals have …Continue reading →| mrn-cciew
I recently attended the Candela Tech Summit 2025, and it was truly energizing to meet so many Wi-Fi engineers who …Continue reading →| mrn-cciew
I’m back home after attending the Candela Tech Summit 2025, and here’s my recap of the event. It was a vibrant, energetic gathering focused on Wi-Fi solution testing innovation, and I witnessed an …| mrn-cciew
I had an amazing opportunity to get behind-the-scenes access at Candela — one of the leading Wi-Fi testing solution providers …Continue reading →| mrn-cciew
If you’re familiar with Wi-Fi troubleshooting, then you’ve probably gone through the hassle of checking a Windows client’s signal strength (RSSI). Traditionally, Windows provides …| mrn-cciew
The Sequence Control field is 16 bits in length and consists of two subfields, the Sequence Number and the Fragment Number. The sequence Control field is not present in control frames (as no frame …| mrn-cciew
QoS Control is a 16-bit field that identifies the Quality of Service (QoS) parameter of a data frame (only in data frame type QoS-Data).QoS Control field is comprised of five subfields 1. [bit 0-3 …| mrn-cciew
As shown in the below figure, 802.11 MAC header has 9 major fields 2 Byte – Frame Control 2 Byte – Duration/ID 4×6 Byte – Address 1 – 4 2 Byte – Sequence Control …| mrn-cciew
Here is my notes about Chapter 3 (Encryption Ciphers & Methods) of CWSP Study Guide. Symmetric & Asymmetric Algorithms In symmetric algorithm, both the encrypting & decrypting parties s…| mrn-cciew
In IEEE 802.11-2007 standard define 3 encryption methods that operate at layer 2 of OSI model (WEP, TKIP, CCMP). These used to encrypt upper layer information of 802.11 data frames what has MSDU pa…| mrn-cciew
2.4GHz (2.4000 GHz to 2.4835 GHz) – 802.11 (FHSS clause 14 or DSS clause 15 radios) – 802.11b (HR-DSSS clause 18 radios) – 802.11g (ERP clause 19 radios) – 802.11n (HT clau…| mrn-cciew
