These docs cover everything from setting up and running an etcd cluster to using etcd in applications.| etcd
Introduction etcd server has proven its robustness with years of failure injection testing. Most complex application logic is already handled by etcd server and its data stores (e.g. cluster membership is transparent to clients, with Raft-layer forwarding proposals to leader). Although server components are correct, its composition with client requires a different set of intricate protocols to guarantee its correctness and high availability under faulty conditions. Ideally, etcd server provid...| etcd
System requirements The etcd performance benchmarks run etcd on 8 vCPU, 16GB RAM, 50GB SSD GCE instances, but any relatively modern machine with low latency storage and a few gigabytes of memory should suffice for most use cases. Applications with large v2 data stores will require more memory than a large v3 data store since data is kept in anonymous memory instead of memory mapped from a file. For running etcd on a cloud provider, see the Example hardware configuration documentation.| etcd
etcd uses Prometheus for metrics reporting. The metrics can be used for real-time monitoring and debugging. etcd does not persist its metrics; if a member restarts, the metrics will be reset. The simplest way to see the available metrics is to cURL the metrics endpoint /metrics. The format is described here. Follow the Prometheus getting started doc to spin up a Prometheus server to collect etcd metrics. The naming of metrics follows the suggested Prometheus best practices. A metric name has ...| etcd
On each etcd node, specify the cluster members: TOKEN=token-01 CLUSTER_STATE=new NAME_1=machine-1 NAME_2=machine-2 NAME_3=machine-3 HOST_1=10.240.0.17 HOST_2=10.240.0.18 HOST_3=10.240.0.19 CLUSTER=${NAME_1}=http://${HOST_1}:2380,${NAME_2}=http://${HOST_2}:2380,${NAME_3}=http://${HOST_3}:2380 Run this on each machine: # For machine 1THIS_NAME=${NAME_1}THIS_IP=${HOST_1}etcd --data-dir=data.etcd --name ${THIS_NAME}\ --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://${THIS_IP}:2380 --listen-peer-urls http://$...| etcd
Prerequisites Install etcdctl Procedure Use the get subcommand to read from etcd: $ etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS get foo foo Hello World! $ where: foo is the requested key Hello World! is the retrieved value Or, for formatted output: $ etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS --write-out="json" get foo {"header":{"cluster_id":289318470931837780,"member_id":14947050114012957595,"revision":3,"raft_term":4, "kvs":[{"key":"Zm9v","create_revision":2,"mod_revision":3,"version":2,"value":"SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh"}...| etcd
Prerequisites Install etcdctl Procedure Use the put subcommand to write a key-value pair: etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS put foo "Hello World!" where: foo is the key name "Hello World!" is the quote-delimited value| etcd
Pre-requisites Install etcdctl Setup a local cluster Get keys by prefix $ etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS get PREFIX --prefix Global Options --endpoints=[127.0.0.1:2379], gRPC endpoints Options --prefix, get a range of keys with matching prefix Example etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS put web1 value1 etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS put web2 value2 etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS put web3 value3 etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS get web --prefix| etcd
Prerequisites Install etcd and etcdctl Add or delete keys del to remove the specified key or range of keys: etcdctl del $KEY[$END_KEY] Options --prefix[=false]: delete keys with matching prefix --prev-kv[=false]: return deleted key-value pairs --from-key[=false]: delete keys that are greater than or equal to the given key using byte compare --range[=false]: delete range of keys without delay Options inherited from parent commands --endpoints="127.0.0.1:2379": gRPC endpoints Examples etcdctl -...| etcd
Prerequisites Install etcd and etcdctl. A running etcd cluster. Terminology Here are definitions of some key terms used in the Example below. TermsDefinition etcdctlThe command line tool for interacting with the etcd server. txn commandtxn command is an abbreviation for “transaction”. It reads multiple etcd requests from standard input and applies them as a single atomic transaction. A transaction consists of list of conditions, a list of requests to apply if all the conditions are true, ...| etcd
Prerequisites Install etcd and etcdctl Watching keys watch to get notified of future changes: etcdctl watch $KEY[$END_KEY] Options -i, --interactive[=false]: interactive mode --prefix[=false]: watch on a prefix if prefix is set--rev=0: Revision to start watching --prev-kv[=false]: get the previous key-value pair before the event happens --progress-notify[=false]: get periodic watch progress notification from server Options inherited from parent commands --endpoints="127.0.0.1:2379": gRPC endp...| etcd
lease to write with TTL: etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS lease grant 300# lease 2be7547fbc6a5afa granted with TTL(300s)etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS put sample value --lease=2be7547fbc6a5afa etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS get sample etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS lease keep-alive 2be7547fbc6a5afa etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS lease revoke 2be7547fbc6a5afa # or after 300 secondsetcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS get sample| etcd
LOCK acquires a distributed mutex with a given name. Once the lock is acquired, it will be held until etcdctl is terminated. Prerequisites Install etcd and etcdctl Creating a lock lock for distributed lock: etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS lock mutex1 Options endpoints - defines a comma-delimited list of machine addresses in the cluster. ttl - time out in seconds of lock session.| etcd
Prerequisites Ensure etcd and etcdctl is installed. Check for active etcd cluster. elect for leader election: The etcdctl command is used to conduct leader elections in an etcd cluster. It makes sure that only one client become leader at a time. Ensure the ENDPOINTS variable is set with the addresses of each etcd cluster members. Set a unique name for the election for different clients (’one’ in the given code below). Lastly, set different leaders name for each clients (p1 and p2). Comman...| etcd
Follow these instructions to locally install, run, and test a single-member cluster of etcd: Install etcd from pre-built binaries or from source. For details, see Install. Important: Ensure that you perform the last step of the installation instructions to verify that etcd is in your path. Launch etcd: $ etcd {"level":"info","ts":"2021-09-17T09:19:32.783-0400","caller":"etcdmain/etcd.go:72","msg":... } ⋮ Note: The output produced by etcd are logs — info-level logs can be ignored. From ano...| etcd
Prerequisites Install etcd and etcdctl Check Overall Status endpoint status to check the overall status of each endpoint specified in --endpoints flag: etcdctl endpoint status (--endpoints=$ENDPOINTS|--cluster) Options --cluster[=false]: use all endpoints from the cluster member list Check Health endpoint health to check the healthiness of each endpoint specified in --endpoints flag: etcdctl endpoint health (--endpoints=$ENDPOINTS|--cluster) Options --cluster[=false]: use all endpoints from t...| etcd
This series of examples shows the basic procedures for working with an etcd cluster. Auth auth,user,role for authentication: exportETCDCTL_API=3ENDPOINTS=localhost:2379 etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} role add root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} role get root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} user add root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} user grant-role root root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} user get root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} role add role0 etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} ...| etcd
Pre-requisites Install etcdctl, etcdutl Setup a local cluster Snapshot a database snapshot to save point-in-time snapshot of etcd database: etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINT snapshot save DB_NAME Global Options etcdctl --endpoints=[127.0.0.1:2379], gRPC endpoints Snapshot can only be requested from one etcd node, so --endpoints flag should contain only one endpoint. etcdutl -w, --write-out string set the output format (fields, json, protobuf, simple, table)(default "simple") Example ENDPOINTS=$HO...| etcd
Requirements Before installing etcd, see the following pages: Supported platforms Hardware recommendations Install pre-built binaries The easiest way to install etcd is from pre-built binaries: Download the compressed archive file for your platform from Releases, choosing release main or later. Unpack the archive file. This results in a directory containing the binaries. Add the executable binaries to your path. For example, rename and/or move the binaries to a directory in your path (like /u...| etcd
This page contains an overview of the various feature gates an administrator can specify on etcd. See feature stages for an explanation of the stages for a feature. Overview Feature gates are a set of key=value pairs that describe etcd features. You can turn these features on or off using the --feature-gates command line flag on etcd. etcd lets you enable or disable a set of feature gates. Use -h flag to see a full set of feature gates. To set feature gates, use the --feature-gates flag assig...| etcd
etcd, general What is etcd? etcd is a consistent distributed key-value store. Mainly used as a separate coordination service, in distributed systems. And designed to hold small amounts of data that can fit entirely in memory. How do you pronounce etcd? etcd is pronounced /ˈɛtsiːdiː/, and means “distributed etc directory.” Do clients have to send requests to the etcd leader? Raft is leader-based; the leader handles all client requests which need cluster consensus. However, the client d...| etcd
migrate to transform etcd v2 to v3 data: # write key in etcd version 2 storeexportETCDCTL_API=2etcdctl --endpoints=http://$ENDPOINTset foo bar # read key in etcd v2etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS --output="json" get foo # stop etcd node to migrate, one by one# migrate v2 dataexportETCDCTL_API=3etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINT migrate --data-dir="default.etcd" --wal-dir="default.etcd/member/wal"# restart etcd node after migrate, one by one# confirm that the key got migratedetcdctl --endpoints=$END...| etcd
member to add,remove,update membership: # For each machineTOKEN=my-etcd-token-1 CLUSTER_STATE=new NAME_1=etcd-node-1 NAME_2=etcd-node-2 NAME_3=etcd-node-3 HOST_1=10.240.0.13 HOST_2=10.240.0.14 HOST_3=10.240.0.15 CLUSTER=${NAME_1}=http://${HOST_1}:2380,${NAME_2}=http://${HOST_2}:2380,${NAME_3}=http://${HOST_3}:2380 # For node 1THIS_NAME=${NAME_1}THIS_IP=${HOST_1}etcd --data-dir=data.etcd --name ${THIS_NAME}\ --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://${THIS_IP}:2380 \ --listen-peer-urls http://${THI...| etcd
Note that third-party libraries and tools (not hosted on etcd-io main repository) mentioned below are not tested or maintained by the etcd team. Before using them, users are recommended to read and investigate them. Tools etcdctl - A command line client for etcd etcd-backup - A powerful command line utility for dumping/restoring etcd - Supports v2 etcd-dump - Command line utility for dumping/restoring etcd. etcd-fs - FUSE filesystem for etcd etcddir - Realtime sync etcd and local directory. W...| etcd
Note that third-party libraries and tools (not hosted on etcd-io main repository) mentioned below are not tested or maintained by the etcd team. Before using them, users are recommended to read and investigate them. Tools etcdctl - A command line client for etcd etcd-backup - A powerful command line utility for dumping/restoring etcd - Supports v2 etcd-dump - Command line utility for dumping/restoring etcd. etcd-fs - FUSE filesystem for etcd etcddir - Realtime sync etcd and local directory. W...| etcd
Note that third-party libraries and tools (not hosted on https://github.com/etcd-io) mentioned below are not tested or maintained by the etcd team. Before using them, users are recommended to read and investigate them. Tools etcdctl - A command line client for etcd etcd-dump - Command line utility for dumping/restoring etcd. etcd-fs - FUSE filesystem for etcd etcddir - Realtime sync etcd and local directory. Work with windows and linux. etcd-browser - A web-based key/value editor for etcd usi...| etcd
etcd uses Prometheus for metrics reporting. The metrics can be used for real-time monitoring and debugging. etcd does not persist its metrics; if a member restarts, the metrics will be reset. The simplest way to see the available metrics is to cURL the metrics endpoint /metrics. The format is described here. Follow the Prometheus getting started doc to spin up a Prometheus server to collect etcd metrics. The naming of metrics follows the suggested Prometheus best practices. A metric name has ...| etcd
If any part of the etcd project has bugs or documentation mistakes, please let us know by opening an issue. We treat bugs and mistakes very seriously and believe no issue is too small. Before creating a bug report, please check that an issue reporting the same problem does not already exist. To make the bug report accurate and easy to understand, please try to create bug reports that are: Specific. Include as much details as possible: which version, what environment, what configuration, etc. ...| etcd
The default settings in etcd should work well for installations on a local network where the average network latency is low. However, when using etcd across multiple data centers or over networks with high latency, the heartbeat interval and election timeout settings may need tuning. The network isn’t the only source of latency. Each request and response may be impacted by slow disks on both the leader and follower. Each of these timeouts represents the total time from request to successful...| etcd
Discovery service protocol helps new etcd member to discover all other members in cluster bootstrap phase using a shared discovery URL. Discovery service protocol is only used in cluster bootstrap phase, and cannot be used for runtime reconfiguration or cluster monitoring. The protocol uses a new discovery token to bootstrap one unique etcd cluster. Remember that one discovery token can represent only one etcd cluster. As long as discovery protocol on this token starts, even if it fails halfw...| etcd
Discovery service protocol helps new etcd member to discover all other members in cluster bootstrap phase using a shared discovery token and endpoint list. Discovery service protocol is only used in cluster bootstrap phase, and cannot be used for runtime reconfiguration or cluster monitoring. The protocol uses a new discovery token to bootstrap one unique etcd cluster. Remember that one discovery token can represent only one etcd cluster. As long as discovery protocol on this token starts, ev...| etcd
etcd uses the zap library for logging application output categorized into levels. A log message’s level is determined according to these conventions: DebugLevel logs are typically voluminous, and are usually disabled in production. Examples: Send a normal message to a remote peer Write a log entry to disk InfoLevel is the default logging priority. Examples: Startup configuration Start to do snapshot Add a new node into the cluster Add a new user into auth subsystem WarnLevel logs are more i...| etcd
The etcd project (since version 3.5) is organized into multiple golang modules hosted in a single repository. There are following modules: go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 - contains API definitions (like protos & proto-generated libraries) that defines communication protocol between etcd clients and server. go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 - collection of utility packages used by etcd without being specific to etcd itself. A package belongs here only if it could possibly be moved out into its own repository in ...| etcd
A distributed, reliable key-value store for the most critical data of a distributed system Learn more Quickstart What is etcd? etcd is a strongly consistent, distributed key-value store that provides a reliable way to store data that needs to be accessed by a distributed system or cluster of machines. It gracefully handles leader elections during network partitions and can tolerate machine failure, even in the leader node. Learn more| etcd
News, updates, release announcements, and more| etcd
We have identified and fixed an additional scenario that may cause upgrade failures when moving from etcd v3.5 to v3.6. This post contains details, the fix, and additional workarounds. Please refer to issue 20793 to get detailed technical information. Issue In a previous post — How to Prevent a Common Failure when Upgrading etcd v3.5 to v3.6 — we described an upgrade issue affecting etcd versions in v3.5.1-v3.5.19. That issue was addressed in v3.5.20. However, a follow-up investigation re...| etcd
This is a post from the CNCF blog which we are sharing with our community as well. As a critical component of many production systems, including Kubernetes, the etcd project’s first priority is reliability. Ensuring consistency and data safety requires our project contributors to continuously improve testing methodologies. In this article, we will describe how we used advanced simulation testing to uncover subtle bugs, validate the robustness of our releases, and increase our confidence in ...| etcd
etcd, general What is etcd? etcd is a consistent distributed key-value store. Mainly used as a separate coordination service, in distributed systems. And designed to hold small amounts of data that can fit entirely in memory. How do you pronounce etcd? etcd is pronounced /ˈɛtsiːdiː/, and means “distributed etc directory.” Do clients have to send requests to the etcd leader? Raft is leader-based; the leader handles all client requests which need cluster consensus. However, the client d...| v3.6.0-alpha docs on etcd
Note that third-party libraries and tools (not hosted on https://github.com/etcd-io) mentioned below are not tested or maintained by the etcd team. Before using them, users are recommended to read and investigate them. Tools etcdctl - A command line client for etcd etcd-dump - Command line utility for dumping/restoring etcd. etcd-fs - FUSE filesystem for etcd etcddir - Realtime sync etcd and local directory. Work with windows and linux. etcd-browser - A web-based key/value editor for etcd usi...| v3.6.0-alpha docs on etcd
etcd uses Prometheus for metrics reporting. The metrics can be used for real-time monitoring and debugging. etcd does not persist its metrics; if a member restarts, the metrics will be reset. The simplest way to see the available metrics is to cURL the metrics endpoint /metrics. The format is described here. Follow the Prometheus getting started doc to spin up a Prometheus server to collect etcd metrics. The naming of metrics follows the suggested Prometheus best practices. A metric name has ...| v3.6.0-alpha docs on etcd
If any part of the etcd project has bugs or documentation mistakes, please let us know by opening an issue. We treat bugs and mistakes very seriously and believe no issue is too small. Before creating a bug report, please check that an issue reporting the same problem does not already exist. To make the bug report accurate and easy to understand, please try to create bug reports that are: Specific. Include as much details as possible: which version, what environment, what configuration, etc. ...| v3.6.0-alpha docs on etcd
The default settings in etcd should work well for installations on a local network where the average network latency is low. However, when using etcd across multiple data centers or over networks with high latency, the heartbeat interval and election timeout settings may need tuning. The network isn’t the only source of latency. Each request and response may be impacted by slow disks on both the leader and follower. Each of these timeouts represents the total time from request to successful...| v3.6.0-alpha docs on etcd
etcd uses the zap library for logging application output categorized into levels. A log message’s level is determined according to these conventions: Error: Data has been lost, a request has failed for a bad reason, or a required resource has been lost Examples: A failure to allocate disk space for WAL Warning: (Hopefully) Temporary conditions that may cause errors, but may work fine. A replica disappearing (that may reconnect) is a warning.| v3.6.0-alpha docs on etcd
etcd uses the zap library for logging application output categorized into levels. A log message’s level is determined according to these conventions: Error: Data has been lost, a request has failed for a bad reason, or a required resource has been lost Examples: A failure to allocate disk space for WAL Warning: (Hopefully) Temporary conditions that may cause errors, but may work fine. A replica disappearing (that may reconnect) is a warning.| v3.5 docs on etcd
Table of Contents Introduction Security Features Migration to v3store Downgrade Feature Gates Livez/readyz checks v3discovery Performance Memory Throughput Breaking changes Old Binaries Are Incompatible with New Schema Versions Peer Endpoints No Longer Serve Client Requests Clear boundary between etcdctl and etcdutl Testing Critical bug fixes Upgrade issue Platforms Dependencies Dependency Bumping Guide Core Dependency Updates grpc-gateway@v2 grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/providers/promet...| etcd
Follow these instructions to locally install, run, and test a single-member cluster of etcd: Install etcd from pre-built binaries or from source. For details, see Install. Important: Ensure that you perform the last step of the installation instructions to verify that etcd is in your path. Launch etcd: $ etcd {"level":"info","ts":"2021-09-17T09:19:32.783-0400","caller":"etcdmain/etcd.go:72","msg":... } ⋮ Note: The output produced by etcd are logs — info-level logs can be ignored. From ano...| etcd
Follow these instructions to locally install, run, and test a single-member cluster of etcd: Install etcd from pre-built binaries or from source. For details, see Install. Important: Ensure that you perform the last step of the installation instructions to verify that etcd is in your path. Launch etcd: $ etcd {"level":"info","ts":"2021-09-17T09:19:32.783-0400","caller":"etcdmain/etcd.go:72","msg":... } ⋮ Note: The output produced by etcd are logs — info-level logs can be ignored. From ano...| etcd
This series of examples shows the basic procedures for working with an etcd cluster. Auth auth,user,role for authentication: exportETCDCTL_API=3ENDPOINTS=localhost:2379 etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} role add root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} role get root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} user add root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} user grant-role root root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} user get root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} role add role0 etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} ...| etcd
This series of examples shows the basic procedures for working with an etcd cluster. Auth auth,user,role for authentication: exportETCDCTL_API=3ENDPOINTS=localhost:2379 etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} role add root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} role get root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} user add root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} user grant-role root root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} user get root etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} role add role0 etcdctl --endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} ...| etcd
Requirements Before installing etcd, see the following pages: Supported platforms Hardware recommendations Install pre-built binaries The easiest way to install etcd is from pre-built binaries: Download the compressed archive file for your platform from Releases, choosing release v3.5.21 or later. Unpack the archive file. This results in a directory containing the binaries. Add the executable binaries to your path. For example, rename and/or move the binaries to a directory in your path (like...| etcd
Requirements Before installing etcd, see the following pages: Supported platforms Hardware recommendations Install pre-built binaries The easiest way to install etcd is from pre-built binaries: Download the compressed archive file for your platform from Releases, choosing release v3.6.0-alpha.0 or later. Unpack the archive file. This results in a directory containing the binaries. Add the executable binaries to your path. For example, rename and/or move the binaries to a directory in your pat...| etcd
etcd, general What is etcd? etcd is a consistent distributed key-value store. Mainly used as a separate coordination service, in distributed systems. And designed to hold small amounts of data that can fit entirely in memory. How do you pronounce etcd? etcd is pronounced /ˈɛtsiːdiː/, and means “distributed etc directory.” Do clients have to send requests to the etcd leader? Raft is leader-based; the leader handles all client requests which need cluster consensus. However, the client d...| etcd
Note that third-party libraries and tools (not hosted on https://github.com/etcd-io) mentioned below are not tested or maintained by the etcd team. Before using them, users are recommended to read and investigate them. Tools etcdctl - A command line client for etcd etcd-dump - Command line utility for dumping/restoring etcd. etcd-fs - FUSE filesystem for etcd etcddir - Realtime sync etcd and local directory. Work with windows and linux. etcd-browser - A web-based key/value editor for etcd usi...| etcd
etcd uses Prometheus for metrics reporting. The metrics can be used for real-time monitoring and debugging. etcd does not persist its metrics; if a member restarts, the metrics will be reset. The simplest way to see the available metrics is to cURL the metrics endpoint /metrics. The format is described here. Follow the Prometheus getting started doc to spin up a Prometheus server to collect etcd metrics. The naming of metrics follows the suggested Prometheus best practices. A metric name has ...| etcd
If any part of the etcd project has bugs or documentation mistakes, please let us know by opening an issue. We treat bugs and mistakes very seriously and believe no issue is too small. Before creating a bug report, please check that an issue reporting the same problem does not already exist. To make the bug report accurate and easy to understand, please try to create bug reports that are: Specific. Include as much details as possible: which version, what environment, what configuration, etc. ...| etcd
The default settings in etcd should work well for installations on a local network where the average network latency is low. However, when using etcd across multiple data centers or over networks with high latency, the heartbeat interval and election timeout settings may need tuning. The network isn’t the only source of latency. Each request and response may be impacted by slow disks on both the leader and follower. Each of these timeouts represents the total time from request to successful...| etcd
Discover other etcd members in a cluster bootstrap phase| etcd
There is a common issue 19557 in the etcd v3.5 to v3.6 upgrade that may cause the upgrade process to fail. You can find detailed information and related discussions in the issue. TL; DR Users are required to first upgrade to etcd v3.5.20 (or a higher patch version) before upgrading to etcd v3.6.0. Failure to do so may result in an unsuccessful upgrade. What’s the symptom? When upgrading a multi-member etcd cluster from a version between v3.5.1 and v3.5.19 to v3.6.0, the upgrade may fail due...| etcd
KubeCon NA 2023 in Chicago is just around the corner! This year, the etcd project has a diverse range of talks, tutorials, and even interactive contribfest sessions for you to get involved in . As a critical foundational pillar of the Kubernetes ecosystem, etcd’s presence at Kubecon underscores its importance in ensuring all our Kubernetes clusters continue to have robust and reliable distributed persistent state. Here’s a detailed overview of what you can expect from the Etcd Project’s...| etcd
Special Interest Groups (SIGs) are a fundamental part of the Kubernetes project, with a substantial share of the community activity happening within them. When the need arises, new SIGs can be created, and that was precisely what happened recently. SIG etcd is the most recent addition to the list of Kubernetes SIGs. In this article we will get to know it a bit better, understand its origins, scope, and plans.| etcd
Background Users can configure the quota of the backend db size using flag --quota-backend-bytes. It’s the max number of bytes the etcd db file may consume, namely the ${etcd-data-dir}/member/snap/db file. Its default value is 2GB, and the suggested max value is 8GB. 2GB is usually sufficient for most use cases. If you run out of the db quota, you will see error message etcdserver: mvcc: database space exceeded when trying to write more data, and see alarm “NOSPACE” (see example below) ...| etcd
In the last few months, the team at Ada Logics has worked on integrating continuous fuzzing into the etcd project. This was an effort focused on improving the security posture of etcd and ensuring a continued good experience for etcds users. The fuzzing integration involved enrolling etcd in the OSS-Fuzz project and writing a set of fuzzers that would bring the test coverage of etcd up to a mature level. In total, 18 fuzzers were written, and eight bugs were found, demonstrating the work’s ...| etcd
When we launched etcd 3.4 back in August 2019, our focus was on storage backend improvements, non-voting member and pre-vote features. Since then, etcd has become more widely used for various mission critical clustering and database applications and as a result, its feature set has grown more broad and complex. Thus, improving its stability and reliability has been top priority in recent development. Today, we are releasing etcd 3.5. The past two years allowed for extensive iterations in fixi...| etcd
Jepsen tested and analyzed etcd 3.4.3, and had both good results and useful feedback to share with us. A key part of etcd’s design is strong consistency guarantees across the distributed key-value store. Kubernetes, Rook, OpenStack, and countless other critical software projects rely on etcd, in part, because of the etcd project’s focus on reliability and correctness. Over the years, the etcd team has put tremendous effort on building testing and chaos engineering frameworks.| etcd
etcd deployments with systemd under Container Linux| etcd
This is an adaptation of a page previously found in the Platforms section of the documentation which described etcd deployments on various platform services. The original page was authored by Caleb Miles and others. This post provides an introduction to design considerations when designing an etcd deployment on AWS EC2 and how AWS specific features may be utilized in that context. Also, this post assumes operational knowledge of Amazon Web Services (AWS), specifically Amazon Elastic Compute C...| etcd
etcd deployments using FreeBSD| etcd