This briefing paper shows how the undervaluation of paid and unpaid care drives poverty and inequalities across Britain, and it outlines a transformational vision for change. Every day, millions of people, mostly women, provide essential paid and unpaid care for children and disabled, ill and older people. Yet their huge contribution remains widely unseen, undervalued […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
Senegal's energy transition is at a critical juncture. While the country has made significant progress in terms of access to electricity and the integration of renewable energies, its energy financing model remains heavily dependent on foreign private investment and favors the latter. This implies debt-based financing and risk mitigation mechanisms that protect investors while risking […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
The year 2025 has been marked by deepening aid cuts by major donors. This briefing note examines the implications of these cuts on Africa’s development, highlighting long-standing failures in official development assistance (ODA) to reduce poverty, inequality, and climate vulnerability. It analyses ODA trends across sectors, gaps in support to Least Developed Countries and women’s […] The post Changing Face of Aid in Africa: Outlook, failures, and reform potential appeared first on Oxfa...| All Resources - Oxfam Policy & Practice
Group Cash Transfer (GCT) is an approach that provides cash in the form of cash transfers to unregistered, emerging or self-mobilizing community groups enabling them to design and implement projects that address the urgent needs and longer-term recovery of crisis-affected populations. In October 2023, Oxfam and NEEDS Nepal piloted four GCT initiatives in the southwestern […] The post Launching Group Cash Transfers in Nepal appeared first on Oxfam Policy & Practice.| All Resources - Oxfam Policy & Practice
As seafood demand rises, it has been accompanied by a growing understanding of persistent human rights abuses. Recent reports have highlighted how poor procurement practices can contribute to abuses, while stronger practices can reduce them. This report reviews the current landscape and how buyers are enhancing their procurement practices to align with their human rights […] The post Emerging Good Practices on Embedding Human Rights into Seafood Procurement appeared first on Oxfam Policy & ...| All Resources - Oxfam Policy & Practice
The Middle East and North Africa is one of the regions that will be affected the most by climate change, extreme weather events, exacerbating the chronic water scarcity that it suffers from and current dependency on fossil fuels. Climate change impacts are already witnessed in many countries, especially those experiencing conflicts. At the same time […] The post Not Everyone Is in the Same Boat: Climate and inequality in the Middle East and North Africa appeared first on Oxfam Policy & Prac...| All Resources - Oxfam Policy & Practice
Any intervention in a fragile or conflict affected context will inevitably have an impact on that context. These impacts may be intended or unintended, positive or negative, relatively minor or highly significant. Any organisation operating in such a context therefore has a responsibility to try to understand what those impacts may be, and to account […] The post Conflict Sensitivity Framework appeared first on Oxfam Policy & Practice.| All Resources - Oxfam Policy & Practice
Africa is facing a double inequality crisis: extreme inequality alongside weak commitment among its governments to fight it. But there is hope. The African Union has urged member states to reduce inequality by 15% in the coming decade and has identified progressive taxation as a key tool to do so. The challenge, though, is the […] The post Africa’s Inequality Crisis and the Rise of the Super-Rich appeared first on Oxfam Policy & Practice.| All Resources - Oxfam Policy & Practice
In the UK and globally, in-home domestic childcare and adult care services are increasingly being provided via digital platforms, with significant implications for in-home/domestic care workers. This paper maps what we already know about this phenomenon and identifies knowledge gaps that could be filled through focused research in support of influencing initiatives aimed at improving […] The post Care & the Platform Economy in the UK: A Mapping Exercise appeared first on Oxfam Policy & Prac...| All Resources - Oxfam Policy & Practice
This paper identifies the current situation and future trends of climate financing, institutional capacity, and budget tracing in Ethiopia. It seeks to inform Oxfam, partners, and all other stakeholders in the discussion for evidence-based decisions and actions to ensure meaningful and informed participation of citizens in social and financial accountability of climate financing at both […] The post Climate Financing, Institutional Structure, and Budget Tracing in Ethiopia appeared first on...| All Resources - Oxfam Policy & Practice
This paper presents the first of three Human Rights Impact Assessments (HRIAs) conducted by Oxfam on behalf of Bolton Food, focusing on its tuna supply chain in Ecuador between 2021 and 2022. The assessment evaluates both actual and potential human rights impacts at the production stage of the value chain. It seeks to identify the […] The post Human Rights Impact Assessment of Bolton Food’s Canned Tuna Supply Chain in Ecuador appeared first on Oxfam Policy & Practice.| All Resources - Oxfam Policy & Practice
This paper reports on the second human rights impact assessment (HRIA) carried out by Oxfam at Nouvelle Cosarno, Bolton Food’s tuna cannery in the coastal city of Agadir, Morocco. The factory employs more than 400 workers, 90% of whom are performing manual tasks (blue-collar workers). Women make up the majority of the manual workers (71%). […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
The lack of secure access to land is a major driver of physical and food insecurity, violence, and violations of the fundamental rights of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and their host communities. This briefing paper outlines the causes and consequences of restricted land access and explores its links with protection risks in the context of […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
This paper calls for an integrated water and food security management in eight Eastern and Southern African countries—Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, South Sudan, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. These countries, identified as Hunger Hotspots for 2025 and among the 30 most water insecure globally, are also experiencing the severe impacts of climate variability. The paper strongly […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
There is growing consensus among policymakers, institutions and movements that GDP is not fit for purpose as the pre-eminent economic metric. Alternatives are urgently needed to facilitate the transition to a new economic model that supports a radically more equal, kinder, greener and feminist world in the present, while offering redress for historical damage and […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
The newly launched 10-year Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Strategy and Action Plan (2026–2035) represents a crucial initiative for enhancing productivity and fostering cohesive agricultural development throughout the continent. The forthcoming results framework for this strategy will lay out the objectives to be pursued in the transformation of the agriculture sector and will serve […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
Most cocoa farmers in main cocoa producing countries Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana are poor, even though they are at the heart of the supply chain for a luxury good: chocolate. For decades they have been receiving low farm gate prices, which don’t allow them to earn a living income for their families. At the same […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
Historically there has been very little discussion of feminism within the international humanitarian system. In recent years, some donor governments – including Canada, Mexico, and Germany – have adopted overtly feminist foreign policies and applied these to their strategies and guidance for humanitarian assistance. At the same time, aid actors have started to reconfigure their […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
Female labourers in Kenya’s tea estates face sexual and gender-based violence, precarious employment and systemic inequality. Grounded in personal testimonies, this case study highlights the resilience of women navigating exploitative conditions and intergenerational poverty. Based on the women’s words, it advocates for actionable reforms, including strengthening reporting mechanisms, enhancing mental health resources, ensuring fair wages, […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
The world is in the grip of a climate emergency. Urgent and equitable action is essential to prevent yet further escalating climate impacts that are devastating communities worldwide and to safeguard a liveable planet for future generations. For governments everywhere, including the UK Government, this is a defining test of leadership. But it is also […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
Thirty years on from the commitments enshrined in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BPfA) this briefing reveals a picture of broken promises and unfulfilled ambition by States. This failure is not just due to a lack of political will, but also an economic system that is unequal by design. As world leaders prepare […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
Billionaire wealth has risen three times faster in 2024 than in 2023. Five trillionaires are now expected within a decade. Meanwhile, crises of economy, climate and conflict mean the number of people living in poverty has barely changed since 1990. Most billionaire wealth is taken, not earned- 60% comes from either inheritance, cronyism, corruption or […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
Farmers around the world produce more than enough to feed everyone on the planet, yet since 2017 hunger has increased sharply. Promoting food production and distribution that are socially equitable and environmentally sustainable is a necessity, in Europe and globally. This paper highlights the European Union’s role in addressing global hunger and supporting a sustainable and […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
This discussion paper proposes a framework of four indicators of transformational adaptation – the breadth and depth of change, the intention to achieve transformation, scale and sustainability – and provides a framework to apply these indicators to four types of interventions in agri-food systems. The paper was co-commissioned with Catholic Relief Services.| Oxfam Policy & Practice
In this publication, leading feminist thinkers from Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, share perspectives on why we must move beyond gross domestic product (GDP) as the primary measure of societal progress. Drawing on regional examples, they demonstrate how the GDP-growth obsession is skewing policy-making towards measures […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
Oxfam is committed to working with communities before, during and after crises. In Somaliland, we have been piloting approaches that aim to achieve greater synergy between our humanitarian, development and peacebuilding programming and influencing. This innovative ‘triple nexus’ work recognises that communities' needs and ambitions are not met along the false silos created by aid agencies. […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
This paper shares stories from six countries—Bangladesh, Nepal, Kenya, Somalia, Syria, and Iraq—highlighting the challenges communities face in accessing water. It seeks to bring forward the unique perspectives of communities from diverse backgrounds, each experiencing water crises in distinct ways. While climate change intensifies their crises, many communities also face marginalization due to exclusionary water […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
This report provides a primer on the performance of electricity utilities in sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting on the current landscape of power sector and utility challenges, the reforms undertaken to address performance failures, opportunities for a “utility of the future” amid the global energy transition, governance frameworks available to assess performance (like the infrastructure regulatory system […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
This report is focused on identifying the ongoing challenges at Eskom, the South African power utility, thus shedding light on democratic processes and human rights considerations. It adopts a feminist lens in its analysis of the electricity crisis, exploring potential feminist approaches to restructuring the existing electricity grid infrastructure. This includes analyzing the integration of […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
The purpose of this research is to understand the broader context of the humanitarian response to COVID-19 from the perspective of women’s rights organizations (WROs) and to understand how well Oxfam has upheld local humanitarian leadership (LHL) commitments in relation to its partnerships with WROs. From the literature, as well as from Oxfam’s experience in […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
This report, published by Oxfam partner, the Africa Center for Energy Policy (ACEP) examines the Ghana's power sector value chain and its implications for reliable, affordable and clean energy supply. The work outlines the role of the Ghanian government in the electricity sector, and outlines three salient challenges facing the energy sector: 1) The role […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
This report provides a comprehensive account of the status of the electricity utility in Kenya. In doing so it analyzes the gaps in Kenya’s electricity governance and suggests ways these gaps can be addressed especially through civil society engagement. While Kenya has seen some notable successes in advancing its energy sector – in particular in […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
This report presents a detailed analysis of how the Government of Israel has systematically weaponized water against the Palestinians in its latest assault on Gaza, raising grave concerns of human rights violations and breaches of international law. It highlights ongoing violations of international laws, showing how the Government of Israel has used water deprivation to […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
This paper discusses an innovative public-private partnership approach to operations and maintenance (O&M) of rural water systems in Kenya. The provision of water in Kenya is mandated to county governments, which tend to play a more prominent role in urban centres, while donors and NGOs take the lead in harder-to-reach or less commercially viable rural […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
The allocation of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) during the COVID-19 pandemic has generated considerable interest in using SDRs as a tool for development and climate finance. This policy brief argues that the monetary logic that underpins SDRs justifies regular allocations of at least $200 billion a year, and more than doubling the share of low-and […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
Drawing on six case studies (Kenya, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, the United States, and Zimbabwe), this paper explores the definitions, debates, and demands related to the concept of care infrastructure. The paper finds the following components of care infrastructure across the case studies: care-supporting physical infrastructure, knowledge production, community networks, national care frameworks and public […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice
The world faces twin crises of climate breakdown and runaway inequality. The richest people, corporations and countries are destroying the world with their huge carbon emissions. Meanwhile, people living in poverty, those experiencing marginalization, and countries in the Global South are those impacted the hardest. Women and girls, Indigenous Peoples, people living in poverty and […]| Oxfam Policy & Practice