Surnames Uarich to Uzarski Surnames Uzas to Vyzyn Surnames Waack to Wzorek Surnames Xander to Zyzniewski| National Archives
Surnames Paa to Pzynski Surnames Quaal to Quy Surnames Raab to Rzynko Surnames Sa to Szywalski Surnames Taaffe to Tzyz| National Archives
Surnames Kaack to Kzlowski Surnames Laabs to Lyzotte Surnames Maa to Myzwinski Surnames Naab to Nyznar Surnames Oachs to Ozzimo| National Archives
PanelSurnames beginning with letters A - ESurnames beginning with the letters F - JSurnames beginning with the letters K - OSurnames beginning with the letters P - TSurnames beginning with the letters U - Z| National Archives
Surnames Aab to Azzurro Surnames Baab to Bzuzewski Surnames Caamano to Czyzynski Surnames Daab to Dzykewicz Surnames Eabon to Ezzyk| National Archives
Surnames Faa to Fzeio Surnames Gaab to Gzyl Surnames Haab to Hyzynski Surnames Iaborni to Izzolena Surnames Jaakkola to Jytila| National Archives
Surnames Aab to Azzurro Surnames Baab to Bzuzewski Surnames Caamano to Czyzyncki Surnames Daab to Dzykewicz Surnames Eabon to Ezzyk| National Archives
WASHINGTON, August 20, 2025 -- Thanks to an historically-conscious couple in California, the Pearl Harbor Navy (PHNY) Logbook from March 1941-June 1942 —which records and documents the December 7, 1941 attack as it occurred— was recovered by the U.S. government, resides in the National Archives and is now available to the American people.| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Plessy vs. Ferguson, Judgement, Decided May 18, 1896; Records of the Supreme Court of the United States; Record Group 267; Plessy v. Ferguson, 163, #15248, National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript The ruling in this Supreme Court case upheld a Louisiana state law that allowed for "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races." During the era of Reconstruction, Black Americans’ political rights were...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Thomas Edison's patent drawing and application for an improvement in electric lamps, patented January 27, 1880; Records of the Patent and Trademark Office; Record Group 241; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript On January 27, 1880, Thomas Edison received the historic patent embodying the principles of his incandescent lamp that paved the way for the universal domestic use of electric light.| National Archives
TitleBulk Download (zip file)Descriptive Metadata (csv file)Link to Catalog Draft Registration Cards for Colorado, 1940-1947(see individual zip files)(see individual csv files)View in Catalog Aab-AdamsDownload objects (XGB)Download metadataView in Catalog Adams-AkyurekDownload objects (XGB)Download metadataView in Catalog Alameda-AllenDownload objects (XGB)Download metadataView in Catalog Allen-AlvesDownload objects (XGB)Download metadataView in Catalog Alvey-AndersonDownload objects (XGB)Dow...| National Archives
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Enlarge Pulling down the Statue of King George III After a public reading of the Declaration of Independence at Bowling Green, on July 9, 1776, New Yorkers pulled down the statue of King George III. Parts of the statue were reportedly melted down and used for bullets. Courtesy of Lafayette College Art Collection Easton, Pennsylvania The Declaration of Independence was designed for multiple audiences: the King, the colonists, and the world. It was also designed to multitask.| National Archives
The Revolution Begins In the early 1770s, more and more colonists became convinced that Parliament intended to take away their freedom. In fact, the Americans saw a pattern of increasing oppression and corruption happening all around the world. Parliament was determined to bring its unruly American subjects to heel. Britain began to prepare for war in early 1775. The first fighting broke out in April in Massachusetts. In August, the King declared the colonists “in a state of open and avowed...| National Archives
The Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) blog is an educational and informative resource, run by the CUI Executive Agent, to support the implementation of the CUI Program. Please visit the CUI blog for frequently asked questions and to learn more about the program. Q&As for the CUI Program *In all cases, refer to your agency’s CUI program office for agency-specific requirements.* Question: Will unclassified contracts have DD 254s issued to provide CUI Guidance or will unclassified cont...| National Archives
Do you need to visit us in person? Please see our Frequently Asked Questions Related to In-Person Research for information about conducting in-person research at the National Archives. We perform limited research for the public. Please read more about our Services for Off-site Researchers and our Research Support Services.| National Archives
Table of Contents After President Trump’s Executive Order, why aren’t all JFK assassination-related records publicly available yet? What is an "assassination-related" record? How will I learn about newly released records? Why aren’t all of the records online? Why are a few of the records sealed? Why are there multiple releases? What do you know about the "backyard photographs"? Can I see the artifacts? Can I access the autopsy report? Are the images in the Collection public domain or un...| National Archives
What’s Newly Digitized? Records of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy (the Warren Commission), 1954–1965 (Record Group 272) The records of the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, more commonly known as the “Warren Commission,” are actively being digitized. These records include administrative records pertaining to the Commission’s investigation and compilation of their report, records received by the Commission from f...| National Archives
Response to Memorandum As directed in the Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies on the Temporary Certification Regarding Disclosure of Information in Certain Records Related to the Assassination of President John F.| National Archives
2025 National Archives Launches New Webpage for President John F.| National Archives
Citizen Archivist Missions Ready to start tagging and transcribing? We've curated these topical missions to help you jump in and contribute! Click on a topic that interests you, and it will bring you right to those historical records in our Catalog. Tagging and transcribing makes these records more accessible to everyone. New missions are added and updated regularly, so check back often to see what’s new. New to our Citizen Archivist program?| National Archives
Education Resources Presidential Libraries offer programs that provide different perspectives on history and the Presidency. The Libraries offer everyone opportunities to learn about our Presidents' leadership. Discover Education Resources Our Records Every day the President, the Vice President, and their staff generate thousands of textual, electronic, and audiovisual records that can provide insight into the issues confronting our nation.| National Archives
On This Page Response to Executive Order 14176 Previous Releases What is Currently Available Online FAQs and Additional Resources Transcription Mission Contact Us This webpage was created in response to Executive Order 14176, titled “Declassification of Records Concerning the Assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr,” which was signed by President Donald J. Trump on January 23, 2025. The President John F.| National Archives
Congressional Investigations and the Lavender Scare Summer 2016, Vol. 48, No. 2 By Judith Adkins Enlarge On December 15, 1950, the Hoey committee released this report, concluding that homosexuals were "unsuitable for employment in the Federal Government" and constituted "security risks in positions of public trust." (Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46) The Red Scare, the congressional witch-hunt against Communists during the early years of the Cold War, is a well-known chapter of American hist...| National Archives
March 18, 2025 Release In accordance with President Donald Trump’s directive of March 17, 2025, all records previously withheld for classification that are part of the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection are released. The National Archives has partnered with agencies across the federal government to comply with the President’s directive in support of Executive Order 14176. As of March 18, 2025, the records are available to access either online at this page or in per...| National Archives
Archivist of the United States Dr. Colleen Shogan and Deputy Archivist William J. Bosanko released the following statement today on the Equal Rights Amendment and the constitutional responsibilities for administering the ratification process: “As Archivist and Deputy Archivist of the United States, it is our responsibility to uphold the integrity of the constitutional amendment process and ensure that changes to the Constitution are carried out in accordance with the law.| National Archives
Allocation among the States Electoral votes are allocated among the States based on the Census. Every State is allocated a number of votes equal to the number of Senators and Representatives in its U.S. Congressional delegation—two votes for its Senators in the U.S. Senate plus a number of votes equal to the number of its Congressional districts. Under the 23rd Amendment of the Constitution, the District of Columbia is allocated three electors and treated like a State for purposes of the El...| National Archives
The National Archives and Records Administration established the Federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Advisory Committee in 2014 to foster dialog between the Administration and the requester community, solicit public comments, and develop consensus recommendations for improving FOIA administration and proactive disclosures. The Federal FOIA Advisory Committee reports to the Archivist of the United States who chartered the Committee in May 2014. The Archivist renewed the Committee's chart...| National Archives
Veterans and their next of kin can get FREE copies of their DD 214, and other military service records including Official Military Personnel File (OMPF), Replacement Medals, and Medical and Health Records.| National Archives
Click the links below for answers to these frequently asked questions. Who verifies if a candidate is qualified to run for President? What happens if the President-elect fails to qualify before inauguration? What happens if a candidate with electoral votes dies or becomes incapacitated after the general election? What happens if the States don’t submit their Certificates in time because of a recount? How is it possible for the electoral vote to produce a different result than the national p...| National Archives
Background The Electoral College is one of the more difficult parts of the American electoral process to understand. While election of the president and vice-president was provided for in Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2, 3, and 4 of the U.S. Constitution, the process today has moved substantially away from the framers' original intent. Over the years a combination of several factors has influenced the Electoral College and the electoral process.| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Joint Resolution of Congress proposing a constitutional amendment extending the right of suffrage to women, approved June 4, 1919.; Ratified Amendments, 1795-1992; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. The 19th amendment legally guarante...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Executive Order 8802 dated June 25, 1941, in which President Franklin D. Roosevelt prohibits discrimination in the defense program; 6/25/1941; Executive Orders, 1862 - 2011; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives Building, Washington, DC. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript In June of 1941, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, banning discriminatory employment practices by feder...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Civil Rights Act of 1964; 7/2/1964; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789 - 2011; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives Building, Washington, DC. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript This act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 2, 1964, prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employm...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Articles of Confederation; 3/1/1781; Miscellaneous Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774 - 1789; Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, Record Group 360; National Archives Building, Washington, DC. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript The Articles of Confederation were adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777. This document served as the United States' first constit...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: The House Joint Resolution Proposing the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, January 31, 1865; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.| National Archives
Boys outside of the Stateway Gardens Housing Project on the South Side of Chicago, May, 1973 (NAID 556163) The Great Migration was one of the largest movements of people in United States history. Approximately six million Black people moved from the American South to Northern, Midwestern, and Western states roughly from the 1910s until the 1970s. The driving force behind the mass movement was to escape racial violence, pursue economic and educational opportunities, and obtain freedom from the...| National Archives
Please contact us via email at [isoo@nara.gov / cui@nara.gov / iscap@nara.gov]. ISOO has 3 three blogs: Follow the ISOO blog weekly, to receive communication on all ISOO matters. The Transforming Classification blog sponsored by the Public Interest Declassification Board, increases public access, and the proposals aim to improve the classification/declassification’s system capacity to protect and serve the American people.| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Farewell address by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, January 17, 1961; Final TV Talk 1/17/61 (1), Box 38, Speech Series, Papers of Dwight D.| National Archives
These three documents, known collectively as the Charters of Freedom, have secured the rights of the American people for more than two and a quarter centuries and are considered instrumental to the founding and philosophy of the United States. Declaration of Independence Learn More The Declaration of Independence expresses the ideals on which the United States was founded and the reasons for separation from Great Britain.| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Executive Order 9066, February 19, 1942; General Records of the Unites States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Issued by President Franklin Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, this order authorized the forced removal of all persons deemed a threat to national security from the West Coast to "relocation centers" further inland – resulting in the incarceration of Japanese Americans.| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: The House Joint Resolution Proposing the 15th Amendment to the Constitution, December 7, 1868; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th Amendment granted African American men the right to vote.| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Cancelled check in the amount of $7.2 million, for the purchase of Alaska, issued August 1, 1868; Records of the Accounting Officers of the Department of the Treasury; Record Group 217; National Archives. The Russian exchange copy of the Treaty of Cession, March 30, 1867, General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript for the Treaty of Cession With this check, th...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Opinion; May 17, 1954; Records of the Supreme Court of the United States; Record Group 267; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript In this milestone decision, the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States, overruling the "separate ...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Act creating Yellowstone National Park, March 1, 1872; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. Photograph, Cascade Creek, Yellowstone, 1869-1878 by William H. Jackson; Records of the U.S. Geological Survey; Record Group 57; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Yellowstone became the first Federally protected national pa...| National Archives
Established by Executive Order 13556, the Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) program standardizes the way the executive branch handles unclassified information that requires safeguarding or dissemination controls pursuant to and consistent with law, Federal regulations, and Government-wide policies. Learn about CUI Please visit the CUI blog: Controlled Unclassified Information for more information. CUI Registry The CUI Registry is the Government-wide online repository for Federal-level...| National Archives
The National Archives celebrates America's favorite pastime! Baseball has played a major role throughout American history. Explore records in the National Archives Catalog related to everything from racial integration in baseball and the Negro leagues to World Series races, Presidential first pitches, and patents that have improved the game.| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Act of May 20, 1862 (Homestead Act), Public Law 37-64 (12 STAT 392); 5/20/1862; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789 - 2011; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives Building, Washington, DC. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Passed on May 20, 1862, the Homestead Act accelerated the settlement of the western territory by granting adult heads of families 160 acres of surveyed publ...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: An act to provide Federal Government aid for the readjustment in civilian life of returning World War II veterans, June 22,1944; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 22, 1944, this act, also known as the G.I. Bill, provided World War II vete...| National Archives
May is Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Heritage Month. The National Archives holds a wealth of material documenting the Asian and Pacific Islander experience, and it highlights these resources online, in programs, and through traditional and social media. You can help make more records accessible by becoming a citizen archivist. Find out more about transcribing and tagging Chinese heritage records from the exclusion era. Genealogy Series The 2024 Genealogy Series begins ...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: The House Joint Resolution Proposing the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, June 16, 1866; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Passed by Congress June 13, 1866, and ratified July 9, 1868, the 14th Amendment extended liberties and rights granted by the Bill of Rights to formerly enslaved people.| National Archives
[get-content name="print-page-left" include-tag="false" /] Constitutional Amendments 1-10 make up what is known as The Bill of Rights. Amendments 11-27 are listed below. AMENDMENT XI Passed by Congress March 4, 1794. Ratified February 7, 1795. Note: Article III, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by amendment 11. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens o...| National Archives
Note: The following text is a transcription of the enrolled original of the Joint Resolution of Congress proposing the Bill of Rights, which is on permanent display in the Rotunda at the National Archives Museum. The spelling and punctuation reflects the original. On September 25, 1789, the First Congress of the United States proposed 12 amendments to the Constitution. The 1789 Joint Resolution of Congress proposing the amendments is on display in the Rotunda in the National Archives Museum.| National Archives
What are the qualifications to be an elector? The U.S. Constitution contains very few provisions relating to the qualifications of electors. Article II, section 1, clause 2 provides that no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. As a historical matter, the 14th Amendment provides that State officials who have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States or given aid and comfort to its ...| National Archives
The Electoral College is a process, not a place. The Founding Fathers established it in the Constitution, in part, as a compromise between the election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens. What is the process? The Electoral College process consists of the selection of the electors, the meeting of the electors where they vote for President and Vice President, and the counting of the electoral votes by Congress. How many e...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: An act to enforce the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States and for other purposes, August 6, 1965; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript This act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many sout...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: President Truman's Message to Congress; March 12, 1947; Document 171; 80th Congress, 1st Session; Records of the United States House of Representatives; Record Group 233; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript On March 12, 1947, President Harry S. Truman presented this address before a joint session of Congress. His message, known as the Truman Doctrine, asked Congress for $400 million in military and economic assistan...| National Archives
Electronic Records Reference Report Introduction The following tables were generated from the Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files, which is current as of April 29, 2008. The Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files contains records of 58,220 U.S. military fatal casualties of the Vietnam War. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Admi...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: An act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to the Chinese, May 6, 1882; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript The Chinese Exclusion Act was approved on May 6, 1882. It was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Act of July 2, 1890(Sherman Anti-Trust Act), July 2, 1890; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1992; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Approved July 2, 1890, The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was the first Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices. The Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congr...| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: An Act Concerning Aliens, July 6, 1798; Fifth Congress; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. View the Alien Act in the National Archives Catalog View the Sedition Act in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript Passed in preparation for an anticipated war with France, the Alien and Sedition Acts tightened restrictions on foreign-born Americans and limited speech critical of the g...| National Archives
Enlarge The Emancipation Proclamation (page 1) Record Group 11 General Records of the United States View in National Archives Catalog Español President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." Despite this expansive wording, the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many ...| National Archives
Español Accordion [accordion classes="" id="59774" expand_first="true"][/accordion] Back to Main Page How Did it Happen?| National Archives
EnlargeDownload Link Citation: Act of April 3, 1948, European Recovery Act [Marshall Plan]; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog View Transcript On April 3, 1948, President Truman signed the Economic Recovery Act of 1948. It became known as the Marshall Plan, named for Secretary of State George Marshall, who in 1947 proposed that the United Stat...| National Archives
[get-content name="print-page-left" include-tag="false" /] Note: The following text is a transcription of the Constitution as it was inscribed by Jacob Shallus on parchment (the document on display in the Rotunda at the National Archives Museum.) The spelling and punctuation reflect the original.| National Archives
Note: The following text is a transcription of the Stone Engraving of the parchment Declaration of Independence (the document on display in the Rotunda at the National Archives Museum.) The spelling and punctuation reflects the original.| National Archives
