The European Court of Human Rights has recently condemned the Italian state for violating Article 2 of the European Convention on the Right to Life (ECRL) in its handling of the environmental disaster in the so-called Terra dei Fuochi. Using a sociological-legal approach, this contribution focuses on some central nodes of the ruling, including the adoption of a precautionary approach and the institution of a new "Independent Monitoring Mechanism" involving civil society. It also highlights ho...