The rapid development of the mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 was only possible thanks to earlier years of research into the technology as a way of treating cancer.1 Now, in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA cancer therapeutics are being tested in large-scale clinical trials and generating a lot of interest. Using IVT mRNA to target cancer is not just about vaccines though. There are many therapeutic approaches in development that offer different ways of activating the immune system. This can be throu...