The EU and US have pledged $100B investment in semiconductors with their chips acts. A huge percentage will go to building new fabs, but both acts acknowledge that factories are no use without trained people to run them. The NSF commissioned a report on research, education and workforce development - recently delivered by Matthew Guthaus, Christopher Batten, Erik Brunvand, Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon, David Harris, Rajit Manohar, Pinaki Mazumder, Larry Pileggi & James Stine.