With the rise of AI assistance features in an increasing number of products, we have begun to focus some of our research efforts on refining our internal detection and testing guidelines for LLMs by taking a brief look at the new AI integrations we discover. Alongside the rise of applications with LLM integrations, an increasing […]| Insinuator.net
We are back from Black Hat USA, where we presented our research on Windows Hello for Business (Slides) once more. In the last two blog posts, we have discussed the architecture of WHfB and past attacks, as well as how the database works and how to swap identities in the database. First, a few words regarding my experience at Black Hat: for me, it was the first time attending the confere ...| Insinuator.net
The #TROOPERS25 ‘AD & Entra ID Security’ track was a blast – as was the whole conference 😉 – bringing together some of the smartest researchers in the field and a great audience of practitioners willing to share their experiences during the roundtable. The slides of the talks have been released in the interim on the TROOPERS website, but since many speakers published additional blogposts or released tools, we provide a compilation of resources from the track in the following.| insinuator.net
The #TROOPERS25 'AD & Entra ID Security' track was a blast – as was the whole conference ;-) – bringing together some of the smartest researchers in the field and a great audience of practitioners willing to share their experiences during the roundtable. The slides of the talks have been released in the interim on the TROOPERS website, but since many speakers published additional blogpost ...| Insinuator.net
Recently there has been quite some discussion about so-called neighbor cache exhaustion ("NCE") attacks in the IPv6 world. This is Jeff Wheeler's "classic paper" on the subject, my kind-of personal networking guru Ivan Pepelnjak blogged about it back some time, here's a related discussion on the IPv6 hackers mailing list and in March 2012 (only three months after the respective IETF draft's ve ...| Insinuator.net
The purpose of this blog post is to explain how Secure Boot works. In particular, we will explain where current implementations of Secure Boot by Linux distributors fall short compared to Microsoft Windows and Apple macOS. Major distributors like Canonical, Debian, openSUSE, and Red Hat place a high priority on making their operating systems work out of the box. Given the current Linux land ...| Insinuator.net
The purpose of this blog post is to explain how Secure Boot works. In particular, we will explain where current implementations of Secure Boot by Linux distributors fall short compared to Microsoft Windows and Apple macOS.| insinuator.net
In the last blog post, we discussed the full authentication flow using Windows Hello for Business (WHfB) with face recognition to authenticate against an Active Directory with Kerberos and showcased existing and new vulnerabilities. In this blog post, we dive into the architectural challenges WHfB faces and explore how we can exploit them. The majority […]| Insinuator.net
Many Linux hardening guides focus on well-known protections: full-disk encryption, Secure Boot, and password-protected bootloaders. While these measures are critical, they often overlook a subtle but serious attack vector: the ability to drop into a debug shell via the Initial RAM Filesystem (initramfs). This oversight can enable an attacker with brief physical access to bypass conventional bo ...| Insinuator.net
Windows Hello for Business is a key component of Microsoft’s passwordless authentication strategy. It enables user authentication not only during system sign-in but also in conjunction with new and advanced features such as Personal Data Encryption, Administrator Protection, and Recall. Rather than depending on traditional passwords, Windows Hello leverages a PIN or biometric methods – […]| Insinuator.net
The X11 Window System has been used since September 1987 for Unix desktop systems, allowing applications to display their windows. Today, one of the server implementations of the protocol is the X.Org X server and XWayland, which both use the same codebase. While reviewing the X server, several legacy security issues were identified. These appear […]| Insinuator.net
During our recent research, we experimented with different Bluetooth USB dongles. There are tons of options, and sometimes, it’s challenging to determine what chipset a dongle actually contains, what Bluetooth features it supports, and whether it works on Linux. Inspired by the recent ESP32 Bluetooth research, we wondered whether we could turn our Raspberry Pi Pico Ws into a functioning Blueto ...| Insinuator.net
Important note: Some media coverage on this topic falsely or inaccurately depicts the attack conditions. To be clear: Any vulnerable device can be compromised if the attacker is in Bluetooth range. During our research on Bluetooth headphones and earbuds, we identified several vulnerabilities in devices that incorporate Airoha Systems on a Chip (SoCs). In this blog post, we briefly want ...| Insinuator.net
When you're analyzing web applications as a pentester or reading pentest reports about web applications, you will often see findings regarding cookies missing certain security flags. The Set-Cookie HTTP header and the JavaScript document.cookie API allow to use, for example, the flags Secure, Path, and Domain. Common audit and pentest tools will tell you when your web application does not or j ...| Insinuator.net
In a recent incident response project, we had the chance to virtually look over the attackers' shoulder and observe their activities. The attackers used the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) for lateral movement within the compromized environment and beyond (MITRE techniques T1570, T1021). As a matter of fact, RDP creates cache files that contain tiles of the transferred screen recording data. Whi ...| Insinuator.net
Auracast, the new Bluetooth LE Broadcast Audio feature has gained some publicity in the past months. The Bluetooth SIG has introduced the LE Audio feature-set to the Bluetooth 5.2 Specification in 2019 and vendors are only now starting to implement it. Auracast facilitates broadcasting audio over Bluetooth LE to a potentially unlimited number of devices. It does not require pairing or interact ...| Insinuator.net
Recently, we held a talk at the Winterkongress1 of the Digitale Gesellschaft Schweiz in Winterthur, Switzerland, about our research project on breaking German parcel tracking sites. We could not name all the parcel services for which we identified vulnerabilities respecting disclosure timelines. Today, we describe our findings at GLS, another player in the German parcel market, and the disclos ...| Insinuator.net
Today, we describe our findings at United Parcel Service of America, Inc. (UPS), another German parcel market player, and the corresponding vulnerabilities' disclosure process. Findings Only a valid tracking number is needed to get the personal information of a parcel's receiver, including the sender's location, the recipient's name, and the recipient's location (city and country). It wa ...| Insinuator.net
At Troopers 2023, we gave a talk on how to attack DHL parcel tracking information based on OSINT. Since we previously had an exemplary disclosure process about this attack with DHL, Mr. Kiehne (from DHL) joined us to provide interesting background information and insights on how they addressed our findings. We want to thank DHL and especially Mr. Kiehne for sharing those insights with u ...| Insinuator.net
This blog post is the continuation of our parcel research. We already reported about how we broke parcel tracking at DHL and the disclosure process of the identified problems. As DHL is not the only parcel service in Germany, we also investigated the other available parcel services. In this blog post, we want to talk about DPD, also called Geopost, which belongs to the French Post Office. ...| Insinuator.net
