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An unsolicited application is a request for life insurance coverage that is made by an individual rather than an insurance agent or broker.| Investopedia
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Discover the underwriting process, its types, how it helps manage financial risk for loans, insurance, securities, and its role in fair pricing and informed investment.| Investopedia
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An underwriter syndicate is a temporary group of investment banks and broker-dealers who come together to sell offerings of equity or debt securities.| Investopedia
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Discover how shares and stocks differ, what they represent in corporate ownership, and their benefits. Learn how companies issue them and their role in market capitalization.| Investopedia
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Roy's Safety-First Criterion (SFRatio) is an investment formula that calculates how likely a given portfolio is to provide the minimum expected returns.| Investopedia
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Risk takes on many forms but is broadly categorized as the chance an outcome or investment's actual return will differ from the expected outcome or return.| Investopedia
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The purchase price is what an investor pays for a security. It is the main component in calculating the returns achieved by the investor.| Investopedia
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Learn how local governments raise money for public facilities by using municipal bonds.| Investopedia
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Discover how investment banks operate, their essential roles in IPOs and mergers, and notable examples like JPMorgan and Goldman Sachs. Learn from expert insights.| Investopedia
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An insurance underwriter is a professional who evaluates the risks involved when insuring people or assets and establishes the pricing.| Investopedia
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A distribution network is a company's interconnected group of storage facilities and transportation systems that move physical goods to customers.| Investopedia
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Discover what a book runner is—the key underwriter in issuing new securities—and compare its duties to other underwriting roles like lead managers and syndicate members.| Investopedia
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Learn about the education, training, and certification required to become an insurance underwriter—as well as the important qualities that the position demands.| Investopedia
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Volatility measures how much the price of a stock, derivative, or index fluctuates. The higher the volatility, the greater the potential risk of loss for investors.| Investopedia
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Learn what time value is in options trading, its role as a component of extrinsic value, and how to calculate it for better investment decisions.| Investopedia
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The stock market is a network of sophisticated exchanges and other venues where institutional and individual investors trade shares of publicly traded companies.| Investopedia
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Discover how risk premiums offer higher returns for taking on investment risks, and learn how they are calculated and applied in real-world investing scenarios.| Investopedia
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A risk-free asset is an asset which has a certain future return such as Treasurys (especially T-bills) because they are backed by the U.S. government.| Investopedia
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Discover how risk profiles can inform investment and debt strategies for individuals, and aid in managing the internal and external business threats that companies face.| Investopedia
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Discover what the risk-free rate of return is, how it influences investments, and if a truly risk-free return exists. Explore its role in financial modeling.| Investopedia
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A return is the profit or loss derived from investing or saving. Find out how it affects your bottom line.| Investopedia
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A premium bond is a bond trading above its face value or in other words; it costs more than the face amount on the bond. Several factors play into if a bond pricing at a premium or a discount on the secondary market.| Investopedia
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Learn what equity risk premium is, its significance, and how to calculate it for informed investment decisions. Gain insights into returns over risk-free rates.| Investopedia
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Economic profit (or loss) is the difference between the revenue received from the sale of an output and the costs of all inputs, including opportunity costs.| Investopedia
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In finance, a discount refers to a situation when a bond is trading for lower than its par or face value. These include pure discount instruments.| Investopedia
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The coupon rate is the yield paid by a fixed-income security, calculated by dividing the total value of coupon payments by the face value of the bond.| Investopedia
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Auto insurance is purchased by vehicle owners to mitigate costs associated with getting into an auto accident. Discover more about it here.| Investopedia
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At a premium is a phrase attached to a variety of situations where a current value or transactional value of an asset is above its fundamental value.| Investopedia
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A tax deduction reduces your taxable income and how much tax you owe. You can itemize your deductions or take a fixed amount with the standard deduction.| Investopedia
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Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR) is an IRS form for U.S. taxpayers who choose to itemize their tax-deductible expenses rather than take the standard deduction.| Investopedia
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A nursing home resident trust fund is an account that is held on behalf of residents and is used to help them cover extra expenses.| Investopedia
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Learn what a copay is in health insurance: a fixed fee for services like doctor visits, tests, or prescriptions. Understand how copays work with your insurance plan.| Investopedia
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Discover what Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) means, how it's calculated, and its role in determining your taxable income and eligibility for deductions.| Investopedia
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Form 1040 is the standard U.S. individual tax return form that taxpayers use to file their annual income tax returns with the IRS.| Investopedia
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S&P Global, formerly Standard & Poor's, is best known as a source of credit ratings for businesses and for its benchmark financial indices, including the S&P 500 Index.| Investopedia
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Revenue is commonly referred to as the top line in a company's daily activities because it does not include expenses.| Investopedia
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Discover how the NAICS streamlines North American business classifications, enhancing statistical comparisons across industries in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.| Investopedia
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MSCI is an investment research firm that provides indexes, portfolio risk and performance analytics, and governance tools to institutional investors.| Investopedia
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Discover what market sentiment is and explore key indicators like VIX and moving averages, plus real-world examples to understand investor mood shifts.| Investopedia
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A macroeconomic factor is an economic, environmental, or geopolitical event that broadly affects a regional or national economy.| Investopedia
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Any person who commits capital with the expectation of financial returns is an investor. Common investment vehicles include stocks, bonds, commodities, and mutual funds.| Investopedia
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An economist is an expert who studies the relationship between a society's resources and its production or output, using a number of indicators to predict future trends.| Investopedia
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A business is an individual or group engaged in financial transactions. Read about types of businesses, how to start a business, and how to get a business loan.| Investopedia
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Business activities are activities that a business engages in for profit-making purposes, such as operations, investing, and financing activities.| Investopedia
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Discover what transaction costs are, their impact on investments, and learn strategies to minimize them. Explore definitions, examples, and how they affect financial decisions.| Investopedia
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Research and development (R&D) is a term that's used to describe the effort a company devotes to the innovation and improvement of its products and processes.| Investopedia
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The Food and Drug Administration is a government agency that regulates certain food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical products.| Investopedia
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Inelastic demand is a term used to describe the unchanging quantity of a good or service when its price changes.| Investopedia
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Barriers to entry are the costs or other obstacles that prevent new competitors from easily entering an industry or area of business.| Investopedia
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ETFs are baskets of stocks or bonds that trade like regular stocks, which are usually passively managed, meaning they seek only to match the underlying benchmark index. Browse Investopedia’s expert-written library to learn more.| Investopedia
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Gross domestic product is one of the primary indicators used to gauge the health of a country's economy. But what does it actually measure?| Investopedia
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A small and midsize enterprise is a business that maintains revenues, assets, or a number of employees below a certain threshold.| Investopedia
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Middle class is a socioeconomic category of people who fall into the median range of income for the geographic area in which they live.| Investopedia
The Health Insurance Marketplace was established under Affordable Care Act (ACA) and offers plans to individuals, families, and small businesses.| Investopedia
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The TCJA made some radical changes to the taxes you'll file from 2018 through 2025. Everything from deductions and credits to rates and investments have been affected.| Investopedia
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The GOP's recently passed budget bill means significant changes for ACA policyholders, including stricter enrollment requirements, restricted subsidies, and more.| Investopedia
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Signed into law on Aug. 16, 2022, it lowers prescription drug and energy costs and levies a 15% minimum tax on some corporations.| Investopedia
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President Joseph R. Biden enacted the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to help the COVID-19 recovery.| Investopedia
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Micromarketing is an approach to advertising that tends to target a specific group of people in a niche market. With micromarketing, products or services are marketed directly to a targeted group of customers.| Investopedia
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Learn how Cost Per Click (CPC) works, how it's calculated, and explore its alternatives in online advertising. Discover strategies to optimize your CPC campaigns.| Investopedia
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Learn how Click-Through Rate (CTR) measures ad success. Explore its definition, formula, and significance for digital marketing effectiveness.| Investopedia
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If you’re not paying for the product, the product is you. That's a truism that's especially suited for social media and its foundation for generating revenue.| Investopedia
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a name for the aggregate collection of network-enabled devices, excluding traditional computers like laptops and servers.| Investopedia
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A conference call is a meeting where participants connect via audio, video, or web to a conference room using an access number.| Investopedia
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Broadband refers to various high-capacity technologies that transmit data, voice, and video across long distances and at high speeds.| Investopedia
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Technology isn't just for young people anymore. Here's how smart and wearable devices are helping older adults stay healthy, happy, and connected in retirement.| Investopedia
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Learn how travel insurance protects against trip cancellations, baggage loss, medical emergencies, and more, ensuring peace of mind during your journeys.| Investopedia
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Debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing is a special kind of financing meant for companies that are in bankruptcy.| Investopedia
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A vendor is a party in the supply chain that makes goods and services available to companies or consumers.| Investopedia
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Discover how raw materials drive manufacturing, their role in accounting, and the differences between direct and indirect use in production.| Investopedia
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A product recall involves removing harmful, defective, or poor quality consumer products from the market.| Investopedia
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Logistics is the overall process of managing the way resources are obtained, stored, and moved to the locations where they are required. Learn more about how it works.| Investopedia
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Discover how reducing lead time boosts productivity and revenue. Learn its types, calculations, and effects on manufacturing and supply chain efficiency.| Investopedia
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Inventory is the term for merchandise or raw materials that a company has on hand.| Investopedia
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Distributions are payments that derive from a designated account, such as income generated from a pension, retirement account, or trust fund.| Investopedia
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Distribution management oversees the supply chain and movement of goods from suppliers to end customer.| Investopedia
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Big data refers to large, diverse sets of information from multiple sources that can provide strategic information for companies.| Investopedia
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Learn what Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) is, how to calculate it, and why it matters—from Roth IRAs to Premium Tax Credits, Medicaid, and IRMAA surcharges.| Investopedia
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Discover how Social Security works, including retirement, survivor, and disability benefits. Learn qualification criteria and factors affecting your benefits.| Investopedia
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Retirement is the time of life when you leave the workforce behind.| Investopedia
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A financial portfolio is a collection of investments and holdings like stocks, bonds, mutual funds, commodities, crypto, cash, and cash equivalents.| Investopedia
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Options are a type of financial instrument that grant their buyers the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified strike price.| Investopedia
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In an IPO, or public offering, shares of a private company are made available to the public for the first time. An IPO allows a company to raise equity capital from public investors.| Investopedia
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Capital appreciation is a rise in the value of any asset, such as a stock, bond or piece of real estate.| Investopedia
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An asset class contains investments that exhibit similar characteristics and respond similarly to market conditions. Different asset classes help with diversification.| Investopedia
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An aggressive investment strategy is a means of portfolio management that attempts to maximize returns by taking a relatively higher degree of risk.| Investopedia
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How Sammy Azzouz, Wealth Manager and President and CEO of Heritage Financial Services, talks to his new clients about risk tolerance.| Investopedia
Emerging markets refer to developing markets and economies. Browse Investopedia’s expert-written library for more about the basics of emerging markets and investing in them.| Investopedia
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Some of the most potentially rewarding investments are also the riskiest. Here's a look at eight of them that, when paired with research and smart planning, might just be worth the risk.| Investopedia
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Want to keep clients longer? Bolster your risk assessment capabilities.| Investopedia
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Long-term debt is debt with maturities greater than 12 months. Values of long-term debts are more sensitive to interest rate changes.| Investopedia
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Learn the best method for calculating depreciation for tax reporting purposes according to generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.| Investopedia
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The time value of money (TVM) assumes the present value of money will grow through investment.| Investopedia
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Socially responsible investing looks for investments that are considered socially conscious because of the nature of the business the company does.| Investopedia
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Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time.| Investopedia
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The internal rate of return (IRR) is a metric used in capital budgeting to estimate the return of potential investments. Here is the formula for calculating it.| Investopedia
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Find out how investors and companies are calculating the social return on investment, which evaluates both the financial and social impact of activities.| Investopedia
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Venture capital is money, technical, or managerial expertise provided by investors to startup firms with long-term growth potential.| Investopedia
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Online banking lets you manage your money from anywhere—check balances, pay bills, transfer funds, all via desktop or mobile. Learn its benefits and how to stay secure.| Investopedia
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Diseconomies of scale occur when a business’s cost per unit increases instead of decreasing as it expands production.| Investopedia