The Longest Silence: Internet Shutdowns During Bangladesh’s 2024 Uprising | OONI
This report documents internet censorship in Bangladesh between July to August 2024 student-led uprising.| ooni.org
This blog post shares a penetration test report for OONI services and infrastructure.| ooni.org
This report documents the ongoing blocking of the X social media platform in Tanzania based on OONI data. Download in PDF Introduction Access to the X social media platform (formerly known as Twitter) has reportedly been blocked on networks in Tanzania since May 2025. This document provides an Expert Opinion by the Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI) Foundation on this block.| Research reports and blog posts on OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interfer...
This is a guest post by The Bachchao Project, originally published here. In June 2025, The Bachchao Project and OONI reviewed the list of websites used for monitoring website censorship in India. This is part of our efforts as a collective to build robust civil society engagement in monitoring internet access in India. As part of this event, we invited a small group of experts and practitioners to join us for a series of workshops focused on updating specific categories of websites tested for...| Research reports and blog posts on OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interfer...
On June 25, 2025, the Open Measurement Gathering (OMG) held a public event, “Open Measurement Gathering AMA”, featuring Censored Planet, IODA, OONI, and Measurement Lab. This was a chance for the OMG group to share project updates, future plans, and gather questions and feedback from the Internet freedom community. Each measurement group presented for 30 minutes followed by Q&A. This public virtual event was inspired by the past two OMG convenings (public reports 1 and 2) at which OMG gro...| Research reports and blog posts on OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interfer...
This report documents internet censorship in Bangladesh between July to August 2024 student-led uprising.| ooni.org
This report documents the blocking of Telegram in Kenya during the 2023 and 2024 KCSE exams based on OONI network measurement data. This report supported a petition filed at the High Court of Kenya in May 2025, and OONI data is used as as evidence in support of this landmark public interest case.| ooni.org
OONI launched new thematic censorship pages on OONI Explorer, featuring OONI data and findings on the blocking of social media, news media, and circumvention tools worldwide.| ooni.org
Designing and implementing an anonymous credential system for OONI requires balancing trust in our measurements and the privacy of our users. Our goal is to enrich our measurements with metadata that strengthen their reliability, while maintaining the strong privacy guarantees our users expect.| ooni.org
This is a guest report by Etienne Maynier and Taziden analyzing Internet censorship in France. You can find a more in-depth legal and technical analysis in French at https://censxres.fr/. This work was done in a personal capacity and doesn’t represent the view of their employers. Key Findings Over the past years, several court orders have requested French Internet Service Providers to block more and more websites, whether for copyright infringement, illegal streaming of sport competitions,...| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
OONI released an OONI Probe multiplatform app for Android and iOS.| ooni.org
Image: In his seminal paper Security without identification: transaction systems to make big brother obsolete, Chaum envisioned users interacting anonymously with various organizations using a single digital wallet, even if those organizations colluded. To increase the trustworthiness of OONI data and protect the OONI dataset from the intentional or unintentional submission of faulty measurements, we are considering designing and implementing anonymous credentials within OONI Probe.| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
This post shares OONI highlights from 2024, as well as upcoming OONI projects for 2025.| ooni.org
OONI’s community now includes over 50 organisations and hundreds of thousands of OONI Probe users all over the world. We are very thankful for your trust in our tools, your support over the years and your contributions to different parts of OONI-verse through collected measurements, localisation projects, and research projects. With this survey, we want to reflect on our community activities and learn how we can improve upon our outreach, tools and documentation.| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
On 22st October 2024, our long-term partner, Sinar Project, published 9 new research reports on internet censorship in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong (China) in collaboration with their Internet Monitoring and Action Project (iMAP) partners. These reports are based on OONI data collected between July 2023 to June 2024 from 9 countries: Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Internet Monitoring Action Project (iMAP) aims to establish regional...| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
On 13th October 2023, our long-term partner, Sinar Project, published 10 new research reports on internet censorship in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong (China) in collaboration with their Internet Monitoring and Action Project (iMAP) partners. These reports are based on OONI data collected between July 2022 to June 2023 from 10 countries: Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam. Internet Monitoring Action Project (iMAP) aims to est...| ooni.org
Nearly three years ago, when Russia launched its military operation in Ukraine, it also initiated a parallel campaign: a censorship war targeting independent news media within the country. Merely a week after the conflict started, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in Russia started blocking access to several foreign news media websites (such as BBC and Deutsche Welle) and independent Russian news media websites (such as Meduza and New Times). Within a year, independent news media censorship i...| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
Image: OONI Run. Today we are thrilled to announce the launch of OONI Run v2: the next generation version of OONI Run for community-driven censorship testing. Originally launched in September 2017, OONI Run is a platform for creating mobile deep links that you can share with OONI Probe users to coordinate the testing of websites for censorship. Over the past 7 years, OONI Run has been used extensively by community members in Venezuela, Malaysia, India, and around the world as part of their ce...| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
Earlier this year, we had the opportunity to host the OONI Partner Gathering 2024: a two-day event in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where we brought our partners from Asia and the Middle East together to exchange skills and knowledge on internet censorship research. Our goal was to strengthen global and regional collaborations on censorship measurement research and advocacy. We previously published a report which shares details about the event and its outcomes.| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
Today we are excited to publish an interview with Chido Musodza, Program Associate, Community Engagement at Localization Lab. Chido is passionate about supporting minority language communities through the localization of open-source technology. Localization, on the one hand, makes tech products more inclusive and on the other hand, empowers the development of minority languages and their presence in digital space. Watch Chido’s interview to learn more about the need for localization and com...| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
As of 11th September 2024, Russia has blocked one of our platforms: OONI Explorer. OONI Explorer is one of the largest open datasets on internet censorship around the world. We first launched this web platform back in 2016 with the goal of enabling researchers, journalists, and human rights defenders to investigate internet censorship based on empirical network measurement data that is contributed by OONI Probe users worldwide. Every day, we publish new measurements from around the world in r...| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
In recent years, internet censorship in Kazakhstan has been reported quite extensively. As part of this study, OONI, Internet Freedom Kazakhstan (IFKZ), and Eurasian Digital Foundation collaborated to investigate internet censorship in Kazakhstan over the past year (between June 2023 to June 2024) through the analysis of empirical network measurement data. In this report, we share OONI censorship measurement findings and relevant legal context. We found numerous news media, human rights, and ...| OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
In 2024, OONI organized a Partner Gathering in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As part of this 2-day event, we brought our partners from Asia and the Middle East together to exchange skills and knowledge and strengthen our collaborations on internet censorship research and advocacy.| ooni.org
Today we are excited to publish an interview with Tawanda Mugari, Co-Founder & Geek in Chief of Digital Society of Africa (DSA). Through our partnership with DSA, we have had the opportunity to collaborate on research and training activities across southern Africa. Tawanda is a digital security expert, community leader and trainer who has been part of the OONI community for years. Watch Tawanda’s interview to learn more about his important work!| ooni.org
This report documents the blocking of LGBTIQ websites and other targeted blocks in Tanzania based on OONI data.| ooni.org
New research studies the implementation of Internet sanctions on Russian media in Europe.| ooni.org
The OONI team is looking for a backend developer to maintain and improve our backend infrastructure.| ooni.org
This post shares OONI highlights from 2023, as well as upcoming OONI projects for 2024.| ooni.org
Today we are thrilled to publish an interview with Ihueze Nwobilor: Senior Programs Officer with Paradigm Initiative. Through our partnership with Paradigm Initiative, we have had the opportunity to collaborate on several research reports examining internet censorship in Nigeria. Ihueze’s work is focused on digital inclusion and on making digital technologies accessible to the under-served communities in numerous African countries, including Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, Zambia, and...| ooni.org
OONI announces the launch of a new section on OONI Explorer: the Censorship Findings platform.| ooni.org
OONI shares the results of a hackathon hosted at IMC 2023 in collaboration with ISOC, M-Lab and Censored Planet.| ooni.org
Today we are thrilled to publish an interview with Siti Nurliza: a talented data analyst and technologist with Sinar Project, one of our most dedicated and long-term partners who have led OONI censorship measurement efforts in Southeast Asia for more than 6 years! Sinar Project is a civic tech initiative using open technology, open data and policy analysis to systematically make important information public and more accessible to the Malaysian people.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI data on the blocking of Grindr in Jordan.| ooni.org
OONI is organizing a hackathon at IMC 2023 in collaboration with ISOC, M-Lab and Censored Planet. Join us on 23rd October 2023 in Montreal!| ooni.org
This report documents the blocking of social media and network outages amid political unrest in Senegal.| ooni.org
This blog post shares new OONI Explorer features for investigating internet censorship through open data.| ooni.org
Today, we are excited to announce the launch of OONI Probe Web: a new browser-based tool for measuring the blocking of websites.| ooni.org
An analysis of OONI measurements from India, Pakistan and Indonesia classified as failed.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI censorship findings from Azerbaijan.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI data on the blocking of social media platforms in Ethiopia.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI data on the blocking of Wikipedia and DW in Pakistan.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI data on the throttling and DNS blocking of Twitter in Turkey.| ooni.org
On 21st December 2022, our long-term partner, Sinar Project, published 8 new research reports on internet censorship in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong (China) in collaboration with their Internet Monitoring and Action Project (iMAP) partners. We are particularly excited about these reports as they make use of OONI data! Internet Monitoring Action Project (iMAP) aims to establish regional and in-country networks that monitor network interference and restrictions to the freedom of expression onli...| ooni.org
This report shares internet censorship during the first half of 2022 in Philippines using OONI data.| ooni.org
An overview of OONI highlights from 2022, as well as upcoming OONI projects for 2023.| ooni.org
New video with OONI community members to celebrate OONI's 10th anniversary.| ooni.org
We share some OONI highlights from the past 10 years, as well as some of our future plans.| ooni.org
Live-streamed presentations to celebrate OONI's 10th anniversary.| ooni.org
The OONI community is invited to help shape OONI's future goals through a survey.| ooni.org
Small Media's Advocacy Assembly project launched a free online OONI training course.| ooni.org
Protests erupted in Iran over the last week following the death of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Kurdish woman who was reportedly beaten to death by Iran’s morality police for allegedly violating strict hijab rules. Amid the ongoing protests, which have reportedly resulted in at least 31 civilian deaths, Iranian authorities cracked down on the internet in an attempt to curb dissent. Over the past week, Iran experienced severe mobile network outages, in addition to increased levels of internet ...| ooni.org
OONI launched a new Test Lists Editor which you can use to contribute websites for censorship testing around the world.| ooni.org
This research paper examines encrypted DNS blocking in Iran, China, and Kazakhstan.| ooni.org
This post shares OONI's submission in support of the OHCHR report on internet shutdowns and human rights to the 50th session of the Human Rights Council June 2022.| ooni.org
The OONI team is looking for a dedicated community coordinator to help grow and support the OONI community around the world.| ooni.org
OONI launched the new Measurement Aggregation Toolkit (MAT), which you can use to create custom charts based on aggregate views of real-time OONI data collected from around the world.| ooni.org
This research report shared OONI data analysis on recent blocks that have emerged in Russia(and in the EU) amid the war in Ukraine.| ooni.org
An overview of OONI highlights from 2021, as well as upcoming OONI projects for 2022.| ooni.org
This blog post discusses how the iThena project helped support censorship measurement worldwide.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of Tor and the Tor Project's website in Russia.| ooni.org
A post on internet measurements, collaboration and transparency.| ooni.org
This research paper examines internet censorship in Myanmar following the 2021 military coup.| ooni.org
This report shares findings from analyzing Mozilla telemetry to investigate Internet connectivity shutdowns in Myanmar, Uganda, Belarus, and Iran.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of the Signal Private Messenger app in Iran, China, Cuba, and Uzbekistan.| ooni.org
The OONI team is looking for a dedicated mobile developer to work on OONI Probe.| ooni.org
This is gentle introduction to OONI that does not require readers to have a technical background. If you are familiar with how the Internet works and how it can be censored you can skip The basics. For frequently asked questions and answers, please refer to the OONI FAQ. The basics You might be connecting to the Internet from a local network or using an Internet Service Provider (ISP). ISPs are usually not connected to each other.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of social media in Zambia amid its 2021 general election.| ooni.org
Key Findings Introduction Methods OONI network measurement Acknowledgement of limitations Background Network landscape and internet penetration Legal environment Internet censorship and media freedom environment Findings Blocked news media websites Blocking of social media amid 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war Blocking of social media websites Blocking of instant messaging apps WhatsApp Telegram Blocked circumvention tool sites Tor and Psiphon Conclusion Acknowledgements Key Findings As part of our ...| ooni.org
We describe how we made OONI Probe Android more resilient to blocking.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on internet blocks in Myanmar, and IODA data on the internet outages following the military coup.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of social media in Uganda, and IODA data on the 4-day internet outage amid its 2021 general election.| ooni.org
An overview of OONI highlights from 2020, as well as upcoming OONI projects for 2021.| ooni.org
We ran encrypted-DNS-blocking measurements in India using the new dnscheck experiment| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of social media and Tor in Tanzania amid its 2020 general election.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of websites in Belarus amid protests, following the 2020 Belarusian presidential election.| ooni.org
Slides & video recordings of presentations on internet measurement projects from around the world.| ooni.org
Report on network performance in Northern Italy amid the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak.| ooni.org
Live-streamed presentations on Internet measurement projects from around the world.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of social media in Burundi amid its 2020 general election.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of websites in Myanmar amid the COVID-19 pandemic.| ooni.org
To improve the monitoring of website censorship around the world, OONI aims to create a smart URL list system, while ensuring, to the extent possible, the safety of the URL lists themselves by running them through the usual Citizen Lab URL review process. This will help ensure smarter test target selection and by extension, it will enable us – and the broader internet freedom community – to more effectively monitor, analyze, and respond to cases of website censorship around the world.| ooni.org
Over the last days, between 2nd to 3rd March 2020, OONI measurements collected from 6 different networks in Iran showed that access to the Farsi edition of Wikipedia (fa.wikipedia.org) was temporarily blocked by means of DNS tampering and SNI filtering. In this post, we share relevant OONI data. Blocking of Farsi Wikipedia and Wikinews In the past, Iran mainly blocked the HTTP version of specific Wikipedia articles. But over the last years, this probably wasn’t very noticeable because Wikip...| ooni.org
Last Saturday, on 22nd February 2020, presidential elections were held in Togo. These elections follow a wave of protests over the last years against the 53-year rule of Gnassingbe Eyadema and, subsequently, his son, Faure Gnassingbe. A few days before the election, non-partisan election monitoring was restricted as National Democratic Institute (NDI) staff were expelled from the country. According to preliminary results from the electoral commission, incumbent President Faure Gnassingbe won ...| ooni.org
Over the last week, Iran experienced a nation-wide Internet blackout. Most Iranians were barred from connecting to the global Internet and the outside world, but they had access to Iran’s national Intranet: the domestic network that hosts Iranian websites and services—all under the government’s watch. This major Internet blackout was rolled out on 16th November 2019, right after protests erupted across multiple cities in Iran. The protests (against economic mismanagement and government ...| ooni.org
Last year in June 2018, following years of pervasive internet censorship, Ethiopia unblocked hundreds of websites as part of political reforms under a new government. But merely a year later, we observe a resurgence of internet censorship in the country. In mid-June 2019, Ethiopia experienced several internet blackouts and once internet access was restored, access to WhatsApp and Telegram was blocked. These events coincided with Ethiopia’s national high school exams and it is believed that ...| ooni.org
Communication access in Ethiopia has significantly been disrupted over the last week. Internet access and Short Message Services (SMS) were disconnected intermittently across the country. During the first half of the week, internet connectivity was shut down completely. After access was restored, both WhatsApp and Telegram were blocked. A few days ago, Ethio Telecom (the only telecom in the country) published a notice, acknowledging the internet disruptions, but came short on details about th...| ooni.org
This report shares OONI data on new blocks that emerged in Russia during the 1st year of military conflict in Ukraine.| ooni.org
This report shares internet censorship during the first half of 2022 in Cambodia using OONI data.| ooni.org
This report shares internet censorship during the first half of 2022 in Hong Kong using OONI data.| ooni.org
This report shares internet censorship during the first half of 2022 in Indonesia using OONI data.| ooni.org
This report shares internet censorship during the first half of 2022 in Malaysia using OONI data.| ooni.org
This report shares internet censorship during the first half of 2022 in Myanmar using OONI data.| ooni.org
This report shares internet censorship during the first half of 2022 in Thailand using OONI data.| ooni.org
This report shares internet censorship during the first half of 2022 in Vietnam using OONI data.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI data on the blocking of TikTok in Azerbaijan and Armenia amid border clashes in September 2022.| ooni.org
An introduction to QUIC and its potential for censorship resistance, as well as a survey of current QUIC blocking in China, India, Russia and Uganda.| ooni.org
This guest blog post shares information about a 2-day test list workshop facilitated in India by The Bachchao Project.| ooni.org
This report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of the Gutenberg book publishing website in Italy.| ooni.org
This research report shares OONI measurements on the blocking of LGBTIQ websites in Malaysia, Indonesia, Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, along with qualitative findings from interviews with LGBTIQ communities.| ooni.org
