Anxious Attachment Causes
Parenting that is inconsistent, overprotective, or intrusive is one of the strongest predictors of anxious attachment in children.| Simply Psychology
Changes in routine can be especially challenging for autistic people because predictability helps them feel safe and in control. Unexpected disruptions, like a canceled plan or a new environment, may trigger stress, anxiety, or meltdowns.| Simply Psychology
Participants receiving face-to-face CBT showed greater reductions in panic and agoraphobic symptoms, depressive symptoms, and avoidance of feared situations. Nearly half of the in-person therapy group achieved reliable improvements, compared to just 13 percent of the app users.| Simply Psychology
Living with ADHD can be challenging, especially when it affects focus, organization, or daily routines. Yet alongside these struggles, ADHD also brings distinctive strengths that can be channeled into meaningful advantages.| Simply Psychology
Parenting that is inconsistent, overprotective, or intrusive is one of the strongest predictors of anxious attachment in children.| Simply Psychology
Overthinking happens when your mind gets caught in loops of worry, replaying conversations, second-guessing decisions, or imagining every possible outcome. While everyone overthinks from time to time, for some people it becomes a constant, draining habit that makes even small choices feel overwhelming.| Simply Psychology
Key Takeaways What are Attachment Issues? Attachment issues refer to difficulties in forming and maintaining secure emotional bonds, a concept rooted in attachment theory developed ... Read more| Simply Psychology
The researchers found that while many participants valued person-first phrasing, there was also strong support for identity-first language—particularly among those who identified closely with the autism community or who were diagnosed later in life.| Simply Psychology
The phrase “person with autism” uses person-first language, emphasizing the individual before the condition, while “autistic person” uses identity-first language, highlighting autism as a core part of identity.| Simply Psychology
The authors report that machine learning systems can analyze large volumes of test results and biological markers with a level of precision beyond traditional approaches.| Simply Psychology
ADHD and relationship anxiety often overlap, as symptoms like distractibility, rejection sensitivity, and emotional regulation struggles can fuel worries about being a good partner, feeling secure, or being understood.| Simply Psychology
Codependent relationships often feature an imbalance of emotional or psychological support, where one person feels responsible for the other's well-being, happiness, or even mistakes. Warning signs include excessive neediness, loss of personal identity, sacrificing one's needs for the partner, inability to set boundaries, and a constant fear of abandonment. Emotional manipulation or feeling trapped may also occur, leading to a cycle of dependency that can be unhealthy for both parties.| Simply Psychology
Caretaking originates from feelings of insecurity and often manifests as an attempt to exert control over others. In contrast, caregiving is characterized by genuine support and a deep respect for the individual's autonomy.| Simply Psychology
A toxic relationship refers to a detrimental and unhealthy connection characterized by behaviors that undermine one's well-being, such as emotional manipulation, disrespect, control, and a lack of support.| Simply Psychology
There are many reasons why people cheat. Some people are dissatisfied with their relationship or sex life; others have difficulty controlling their impulsess, while others are looking for validation.| Simply Psychology
What constitutes cheating seems to depend on people’s interpretation, but it always features a breach of trust. Cheating can be physical, emotional, digital, or a combination of all three.| Simply Psychology
Avoiding situations or people is not setting a boundary. Boundaries are clear, communicated limits that protect your well-being. Avoidance may provide temporary relief but doesn't address underlying issues or promote healthy relationships.| Simply Psychology
A casual relationship is a type of interpersonal connection that falls outside the bounds of traditional, committed partnerships and is characterised by ambiguity and varying expectations. It's an arrangement where the individuals involved may share some aspects of a conventional relationship, but without the accompanying obligations or long-term goals.| Simply Psychology
What avoidants want in relationships, is a balance that allows for emotional connection without feeling overwhelmed, controlled, or losing their sense of self. They seek to avoid the discomfort and perceived danger of deep emotional dependency and vulnerability, which they learned to associate with pain or unmet needs in their early experiences.| Simply Psychology
Avoidant attachment is a complex product of one’s upbringing, life events, and interpersonal interactions over time. It often begins as a child’s adaptive response to a less-than-nurturing environment, and it can be intensified by later heartbreaks or reinforced by certain relationship patterns in adulthood.| Simply Psychology
Secure attachment refers to a bond where individuals feel safe, supported, and connected, enabling them to express emotions freely, seek comfort from their partner, and confidently explore their environment knowing they have a reliable base to return to.| Simply Psychology
How to get a man to open up to you emotionally is a question many women ask themselves, and there’s no simple answer. But building a strong foundation and trust and having the right approach (and patience) are essential ingredients.| Simply Psychology
Although avoidant attachment may not simply get worse over time, its ongoing presence is likely to create more challenges and emotional burdens as a person moves through life.| Simply Psychology
When dating someone with avoidant attachment style, maintain respect for their independence, give them space, avoid being overly emotional or clingy, and communicate your needs clearly without demanding immediate emotional intimacy.| Simply Psychology
Attachment styles refer to patterns of bonding that people learn as children and carry into their adult relationships. They're typically thought to originate from the type of care one received in their earliest years.| Simply Psychology
When feeling connected to partners, highly avoidant individuals use protective buffering to spare partners distress. Beliefs about not burdening partners explain this.| Simply Psychology
The researchers found that survivors of IPV consistently scored higher on betrayal sensitivity compared to women without such experiences.| Simply Psychology
Complete guide to psychology for students, educators & enthusiasts. Learn about psychological theories, classic studies, mental health disorders, relationships, and practical psychology advice to enhance your wellbeing| Simply Psychology
In contrast to the structural perspective, the functional perspective of attitudes focuses on how attitudes can serve a purpose for the individuals who| Simply Psychology
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called flashbulb memories. They're called so because they are typically very vivid and detailed, much like a photograph, and often pertain to surprising, consequential, and emotionally arousing events, such as hearing about a national tragedy or experiencing a personal milestone.| Simply Psychology
Not being in control may elicit feelings of shame and embarrassment, which are converted into anger or narcissistic rage. Thus, the outcome of losing control is narcissistic rage in its various forms.| Simply Psychology
Passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by indirect resistance to others' demands and avoidance of direct confrontation. It often involves showing irritability or hostility through subtle means like critical comments, sarcasm, cynicism, or complaints about minor issues.| Simply Psychology
People who have a narcissistic person in their life often describe their behavior as verbally (and physically) abusive, manipulative, and passive-aggressive. These behaviors are particularly pronounced when the narcissist feels challenged or fears abandonment or rejection.| Simply Psychology
If narcissists feel their pride has been wounded somehow, they feel entitled to destroy their victim psychologically and/ or physically. This rage is often disproportionate and out of place as it can be caused by even minor or unintentional provocations.| Simply Psychology
Narcissistic baiting refers to a narcissistic person using “bait” to get an emotional reaction from someone. The aim of narcissistic baiting is not necessarily to have you back in their life as a partner or friend. Narcissists do it to keep their sources of narcissistic supply in place through various tactics discussed below.| Simply Psychology
A communal narcissist is a type of narcissist who presents themselves as altruistic, caring, and extremely community-minded. The communal narcissist seeks admiration and validation through their perceived contributions to others, the community,| Simply Psychology
Countertransference in therapy refers to the emotional reactions, biases, or perceptions that a therapist may have towards a client, influenced by the therapist's own personal experiences, unconscious feelings, or issues. It can affect the therapeutic relationship and the treatment process.| Simply Psychology
The nervous system controls everything from our thoughts and emotions to our movements and reflexes—but it’s made up of two major parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).| Simply Psychology
This article outlines recommended first-line treatments for managing generalized anxiety disorder across psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and self-help approaches.| Simply Psychology
The somatic nervous system (SNS) is the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement and processes external stimuli through two types of neurons: motor neurons (activating muscles) and sensory neurons (relaying information to the central nervous system).| Simply Psychology
The forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain are the three main brain divisions. The forebrain handles higher cognitive functions, the midbrain controls motor movement and sensory processing, and the hindbrain manages coordination, balance, and autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate.| Simply Psychology
The brainstem is the stalk-like lower part of the brain that connects the main brain (cerebrum) to the spinal cord. It sits at the base of the skull, just above the spinal cord, and is considered part of the central nervous system (CNS).| Simply Psychology
The human brain is a complex organ, made up of several distinct parts, each responsible for different functions. The cerebrum, the largest part, is responsible for sensory interpretation, thought processing, and voluntary muscle activity. Beneath it is the cerebellum, which controls balance and coordination. The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord and oversees automatic processes like breathing and heart rate. The limbic system, containing structures like the hippocampus and amygd...| Simply Psychology
Transactional Analysis (TA) is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy developed by Eric Berne during the 1950s. Transactions refer to the communication exchanges between people.| Simply Psychology
Introjection is a defense mechanism where a person unconsciously adopts the ideas, attitudes, or behaviors of another person or group, often an authority figure. It's a form of psychological incorporation, allowing the individual to symbolically possess or control the introjected object, potentially to alleviate anxiety or internal conflict.| Simply Psychology
The frontal lobe is one of the most important and largest parts of your brain. Located directly behind your forehead, it's critical for many complex activities that make us uniquely human, such as reasoning, planning, and social interaction.| Simply Psychology
The foot-in-the-door technique is a compliance tactic that assumes agreeing to a small request increases the likelihood of agreeing to a second, larger request.| Simply Psychology
Think of neurotransmitters as instant messages between nerve cells: fast, direct, and short-lived. Hormones, on the other hand, are more like letters sent through the mail—slower, but able to travel long distances in the body and create lasting effects.| Simply Psychology
Triangulation in relationships refers to a communication pattern where one person avoids direct interaction with another, instead using a third person as an intermediary. This can create misunderstandings and conflicts, often serving as a manipulative strategy to control or gain power.| Simply Psychology
Narcissistic smear campaigns are a narcissist’s attempts at tarnishing their victim’s image and reputation and destroying their self-esteem and sense of reality.| Simply Psychology
Narcissistic mirroring is a manipulation tactic used by narcissistic individuals to create a false sense of connection with another person by mimicking their personality, interests, or beliefs.| Simply Psychology
Narcissistic hoovering is a manipulation tactic used by narcissistic individuals to try to regain control over a former partner or source of narcissistic supply.| Simply Psychology
Recovery from narcissistic abuse involves various stages, but it’s not a linear path. Understanding this can be helpful because it can lessen the impact of the inevitable drawbacks and obstacles.| Simply Psychology
Narcissistic gaslighting refers to a form of gaslighting exhibited by individuals with narcissistic personality traits or narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). It involves distorting, altering, or denying reality in order to make someone doubt their own perception, memory, or sanity.| Simply Psychology
Narcissist discard is a phase in the narcissistic abuse cycle where the narcissist distances themselves from or ends a relationship once they no longer perceive the other person as useful or fulfilling their needs.| Simply Psychology
Dealing with your partner's narcissistic behaviors involves setting boundaries, seeking support from a therapist or trusted friends, and prioritizing your own well-being.| Simply Psychology
Stress is a biological and psychological response experienced upon encountering a threat that we feel we do not have the resources to deal with.| Simply Psychology
Social facilitation is an improvement in the performance of a task in the presence of others (audience, competitor, co-actor) compared to their performance when alone.Typically, this results in improved performance on simple or well-practiced tasks and decreased performance on complex or unfamiliar tasks.| Simply Psychology
he high prevalence of procrastination among the ADHD population likely stems from the underlying neurological deficits in executive functioning skills such as organization, prioritization, working memory, and impulse control.| Simply Psychology
People with ADHD can find it more difficult to initiate or maintain tasks. This can be due to trouble sustaining attention, inability to manage impulsivity, or trouble maintaining focus for long periods of time.| Simply Psychology
Feeling overwhelmed by daily stress, struggling to maintain close relationships, or finding it challenging to stick to healthy routines are experiences| Simply Psychology
Sensory neurons carry incoming information from the sensory receptors of the body toward the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), whereas motor neurons carry outgoing commands away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands.| Simply Psychology
examined subtypes covered a breadth of approaches, dividing groups along dimensions like specific symptoms, comorbid conditions, beliefs, demographics and clinical features. But reviews found most of these did not show clear validity against the analysis guidelines used.| Simply Psychology
Intrusive thoughts are unwanted thoughts and images that pop into your head spontaneously, resulting in impulses, sensations, or urges, which often cause distress or anxiety| Simply Psychology
Latent learning is a type of learning which is not apparent in the learner's behavior at the time of learning, but which manifests later when a suitable motivation and circumstances appear. This shows that learning can occur without any reinforcement of a behavior.| Simply Psychology
The temporal lobe, located near the temples, is the second largest lobe of the human cerebrum, accounting for almost one-fourth of the brain's volume. It processes auditory information, forms memories, comprehends language, and regulates emotions through key structures like the hippocampus and primary auditory cortex.| Simply Psychology
Long-term memory (LTM) is the final stage of the multi-store memory model proposed by Atkinson-Shiffrin, providing the lasting retention of information and| Simply Psychology
Henry Gustav Molaison, known as Patient H.M., is a landmark case study in psychology. After a surgery to alleviate severe epilepsy, which removed large portions of his hippocampus, he was left with anterograde amnesia, unable to form new explicit memories, thus offering crucial insights into the role of the hippocampus in memory formation.| Simply Psychology
Declarative memory, also known as explicit memory, is a type of long-term memory that involves conscious recall. It's divided into two categories: semantic memory for facts and general knowledge, and episodic memory for personal experiences and specific events.| Simply Psychology
While assimilation deals with keeping existing knowledge and schemas intact and finding a new place to store information, accommodation involves actually changing one’s existing knowledge of a topic (Tan et al., 2017).| Simply Psychology
Ausubel sees learners as active agents who interpret and incorporate new information into their existing cognitive frameworks (schemata).| Simply Psychology
Gagne's Conditions of Learning, also known as Robert Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction, is a set of instructional design principles developed by psychologist Robert Gagne. These conditions outline a sequence of events that enhance the learning process and promote effective instruction.| Simply Psychology
The cognitive approach in psychology studies mental processes—such as how we perceive, think, remember, learn, make decisions, and solve problems. Cognitive psychologists see the mind as an information processor, similar to a computer, examining how we take in information, store it, and use it to guide our behavior.| Simply Psychology
The dysfunctional beliefs and behaviors of codependent and narcissistic individuals often complement each other in a highly unhealthy and toxic manner. This co-dependent dynamic is often described as a "dance" where each partner's issues exacerbate the other's.| Simply Psychology
Social roles emphasize the duties and behaviors attached to a specific position, and social norms dictate broader behavioral guidelines within a community or group.| Simply Psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions, and goals are constructed within a social context by the actual or imagined interactions with others.| Simply Psychology
Stress arises when individuals perceive a discrepancy between a situation's physical or psychological demands and the resources of their biological,| Simply Psychology
Mood disorders can significantly impact an individual, causing disruptive and prolonged shifts in their emotional state, leading to feelings of intense sadness, hopelessness, irritability, or uncontrollable euphoria, thereby affecting their overall well-being, relationships, and daily functioning.| Simply Psychology
Narrative therapy, is a powerful psychotherapeutic approach that empowers clients to explore and reshape their life stories, particularly those overwhelmed by challenges and emotional distress.| Simply Psychology
Learned helplessness is a psychological phenomenon in which a person learns that they cannot avoid bad things happening in the future. This causes a person to stop trying to prevent them. Learned helplessness is often associated with depression.| Simply Psychology
If the sadness does not pass or if the person is finding it difficult to resume their normal functioning, this could be a sign of depressive signs.| Simply Psychology
Gestalt Therapy is a humanistic form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist-client relationship, and the environmental and social contexts of a person's life. It prioritizes holistic understanding and integration of thoughts, feelings, and actions.| Simply Psychology
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a form of psychotherapy introduced by Albert Ellis in the 1950s. Alongside cognitive therapy created by Aaron Beck in 1976, REBT is thought to serve as the basis for developing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).| Simply Psychology
Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is a therapeutic approach based on the idea that emotions play a central role in one's sense of self and ability to make healthy choices.| Simply Psychology
Snowball sampling, also known as chain-referral sampling, is a non-probability sampling method where currently enrolled research participants help recruit| Simply Psychology
Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling method where the researcher selects participants based on specific characteristics, ensuring they represent certain attributes in proportion to their prevalence in the population.| Simply Psychology
Intergroup conflict is a term that refers to disagreement or confrontation between two or more groups and their members. This confrontation can involve physical violence, interpersonal discord, and psychological tension.| Simply Psychology
Positivism is a term used to describe an approach to the study of society that relies specifically on empirical scientific evidence, such as controlled experiments and statistics.| Simply Psychology
Karl Popper's theory of falsification contends that scientific inquiry should aim not to verify hypotheses but to rigorously test and identify conditions under which they are false.| Simply Psychology
The occipital lobes are a part of the brain responsible for processing visual information, such as object recognition, color perception, depth perception, and motor detection.| Simply Psychology
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter primarily found in the brain, intestines, and blood. In psychology, serotonin plays a significant role in mood regulation, emotional well-being, sleep, appetite, and cognitive functions. Abnormalities in serotonin levels or its neural pathways are often associated with mood disorders like depression and anxiety.| Simply Psychology
A synapse is the junction where two neurons communicate without physically touching.| Simply Psychology
This section provides revision resources for AQA A-level psychology and the Schizophrenia chapter. The revision notes cover the AQA exam board and the new specification.| Simply Psychology
Mindfulness is a way of paying attention to the present moment on purpose and without judgment. It's a way of training your mind to be more aware and less reactive.| Simply Psychology
The motor cortex is an area within the brain's cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements. It is located in the frontal lobe and works with other brain areas and the spinal cord to translate thought into physical motion. In psychology, the motor cortex is studied for its role in skills acquisition, muscle coordination, and the integration of sensory information to produce complex motor actions.| Simply Psychology
Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that autistic individuals possess a varied set of strengths and challenges. The concept of neurodiversity recognizes autism as a natural variation in human brain development rather than a disorder or deficit.| Simply Psychology
The myelin sheath is a lipid-rich, insulating layer that surrounds the axons of many nerve cells. Produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, it serves to increase the speed of nerve impulses. The sheath is segmented, with gaps called nodes of Ranvier, which play a crucial role in the rapid transmission of electrical signals along the axon.| Simply Psychology
The ventricular system is a network of fluid-filled cavities within the brain, including the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles, which produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF provides cushioning, nutrients, and waste removal for the brain, helping maintain a stable environment for optimal neural function. Disruptions in the ventricular system can lead to neurological disorders and conditions, emphasizing its crucial role in brain health.| Simply Psychology
Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that stores general knowledge, concepts, facts, and meanings of words, allowing for the understanding and comprehension of language, as well as the retrieval of general knowledge about the world.| Simply Psychology
Procedural memory is a type of long-term memory that stores information related to motor skills, habits, and actions. It allows individuals to perform tasks automatically and without conscious effort, as it involves the learning and retention of procedures, routines, and how to execute specific actions.| Simply Psychology
When a person tries to memorize words or numbers, they rehearse the item to remember it for a longer time. In this experiment, rehearsal was prevented leading| Simply Psychology
