How Sleep Works - How Sleep Works | NHLBI, NIH
Sleep is a period of rest that alternates with wakefulness, and it affects many of your body’s systems. Not getting enough sleep raises your risk of many seri| NHLBI, NIH
Sleep is a period of rest that alternates with wakefulness, and it affects many of your body’s systems. Not getting enough sleep raises your risk of many seri| NHLBI, NIH
Learn about different treatments for sleep conditions, including tips for healthy sleep, CPAP, light therapy, sleep medicines, sleep treatments and sleep devices.| NHLBI, NIH
Sickle cell disease is a lifelong condition that affects approximately 100,000 people in the United States and 8 million worldwide. This fact sheet will help you learn tips to manage your pain and prevent serious problems.| NHLBI, NIH
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes the body to make fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin than normal. Learn more about the causes, symptoms, and treatment for the condition.| NHLBI, NIH
Inheriting a faulty hemoglobin S gene from both parents causes sickle cell disease. Genetic counseling can help those at risk of having a child with sickle cell disease. Sickled red blood cells do not deliver enough oxygen to the body and do not survive in the blood as long as normal cells.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn about different treatments for lung diseases and conditions, including oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, thoracentesis, tracheostomy, and lung transplants.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn about treatments for blood disorders, such as blood and bone marrow transplants and blood transfusions.| NHLBI, NIH
Researchers address cancer treatments that may harm the heart | NHLBI, NIH
Sickle cell disease can affect reproductive and sexual health of men and women. Men can have priapism (an erection lasting 4 or more hours), which can lead to sexual problems. Women face high-risk pregnancies, which could also worsen sickle cell symptoms.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn more about pulmonary hypertension, why it occurs, and how your healthcare provider can help you manage your condition.| NHLBI, NIH
Blood clotting disorders cause the blood to clot when there is no injury. Learn more about different types, causes, symptoms, and treatments of blood clotting disorders.| NHLBI, NIH
This booklet provides an overview of anemia for health consumers, covering causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Also addresses major types of anemia:| NHLBI, NIH
Vitamin B12–deficiency anemia develops when your body can't make enough healthy red blood cells because it doesn't have enough vitamin B12. Learn about its’ causes, symptoms, and treatments.| NHLBI, NIH
Anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia, is common during pregnancy.| NHLBI, NIH
Iron-deficiency anemia develops if you do not have enough iron in your body. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for iron-deficiency anemia.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn more about the causes of anemia from genetics to lifestyle habits.| NHLBI, NIH
Plaque buildup is the main cause of coronary heart disease, but sometimes the heart’s blood vessels do not work correctly. You can take steps early to keep your heart and blood vessels healthy.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn more about the treatments for anemia which depend on its cause and how serious it is.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn more about the general symptoms of most types of anemia.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn how the NHLBI’s Vascular Interventions/Innovations and Therapeutic Advances (VITA) program supports pre-clinical translational development of product candidates in the fields of vascular disorders, thrombotic diseases, and pulmonary hypertension.| NHLBI, NIH
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for all Americans. Physical inactivity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and being overweight are maj| NHLBI, NIH
Physical activity is great for keeping your whole body healthy, managing stress, lowering high blood pressure, sleeping better, and more. Use this chart to reco| NHLBI, NIH
Behavioral, environmental, clinical, and healthcare approaches to reduce the occurrence and consequences of cardiovascular diseases. Studies include clinical an| NHLBI, NIH
Learn about sleep studies that doctors use to diagnose sleep apnea, insomnia, and other sleep disorders.| NHLBI, NIH
About 50 to 70 million Americans have sleep disorders, and 1 in 3 adults do not regularly get the recommended amount of uninterrupted sleep they need to protect| NHLBI, NIH
This factsheet provides definitions for basic terms related to lung health and sleep, definitions of sleep conditions, and treatments for sleep apnea.| NHLBI, NIH
Symptoms vary depending on the individual, but they may include jaundice, tiredness, and painful swelling of the hands and feet. Serious symptoms needing medical attention include serious anemia, fever, acute chest syndrome, stroke, pain crises, and prolonged erections. Some symptoms are linked with other medical and social factors.| NHLBI, NIH
People with sickle cell trait carry only one copy of the sickle hemoglobin gene and rarely have any symptoms of sickle cell disease. However, in rare instances, some people who have sickle cell trait can experience medical complications.| NHLBI, NIH
Sickle cell disease can cause pain, infections, and joint problems throughout the body. It can also lead to severe anemia and complications in specific body parts.| NHLBI, NIH
Anemia is a common condition that occurs when your blood has a lower-than-normal amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin. Anemia can be inherited or acquired. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for anemia.| NHLBI, NIH
Hemolytic anemia occurs when your red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. Learn about its’ causes, symptoms, and treatments.| NHLBI, NIH
Assessment of weight and health risk involves using three key measures: Body mass index (BMI), Waist circumference, and Risk factors.| www.nhlbi.nih.gov
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is No. 1 rated “Best Heart-Healthy Diet” and “Best Diet for High Blood Pressure” in the 2025 Best Diets report from U.S. News & World Report. It was also rated the second “best overall diet,” “best diet for healthy eating,” and “best diet for prediabetes.”| NHLBI, NIH
Narcolepsy is a chronic disease that causes extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden brief episodes of deep, daytime sleep.| NHLBI, NIH
How do I order NHLBI publications? Printed versions of publications may be ordered from the NHLBI Center for Health Information. To order, select from these| NHLBI, NIH
Cardiomyopathy refers to problems with your heart muscle that make it harder for your heart to pump blood. There are many types and causes of cardiomyopathy, and it can affect people of any sex, age, or race.| NHLBI, NIH
Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen through the body. Misshapen red blood cells can block blood flow causing lifelong health problems. The only cure is a blood and bone marrow transplant, but treatments are available to manage the condition.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn about screening of children and adults for overweight and obesity. Also learn about medical conditions that can cause overweight and obesity.| NHLBI, NIH
The DASH eating plan includes daily servings from different food groups. The number of servings you should have depends on your daily calorie needs. Learn more| NHLBI, NIH
The causes and risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are important to know. Some factors can reduce stroke risk, while others are outside a patient’s control.| NHLBI, NIH
Overweight and obesity are common conditions in the United States. Learn the causes and treatments for overweight and obesity.| NHLBI, NIH
COPD is a lung disease that makes it hard to breathe. It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is a major cause of disability and death, but it can often be prevented.| NHLBI, NIH
Heart-healthy living means understanding your risk, making healthy choices, and taking steps to lower your chances of heart disease. These actions can lower your risk of heart disease and improve your overall health and well-being.| NHLBI, NIH
There are many ways to lower or control high blood pressure. These resources can help you learn about and promote the importance of knowing your numbers, heart-| NHLBI, NIH
Learn how the NHLBI supports research to understand the causes of heart diseases and vascular diseases and finds ways to prevent and treat these diseases.| NHLBI, NIH
Aiming for a healthy weight is a key part of heart-healthy living.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn about signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors, and treatments for high blood pressure, a common disease in which blood flows through blood vessels, or arteries, at higher than normal pressures.| NHLBI, NIH
Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins just under the skin, usually in the legs. Know the symptoms and risks factors for varicose veins and learn how early treatment can help prevent complications.| NHLBI, NIH
Atherosclerosis is a common condition that leads to heart disease and other health problems. It’s caused by the buildup of sticky cholesterol plaque in the arteries, but it’s preventable and treatable.| NHLBI, NIH
Coronary heart disease occurs when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. Learn about the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of coronary heart disease.| NHLBI, NIH
Getting enough quality sleep at the right times can help protect your mental health, physical health, quality of life, and safety. Learn how to figure out if you're getting enough sleep, what symptoms children show, and sleep and your health in this topic.| NHLBI, NIH
Metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions that raise your risk of heart disease. Learn about the risk factors, prevention, and treatment of metabolic syndrome.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn what a stroke is, including the two types of stroke. Know the immediate steps to take in a medical emergency.| NHLBI, NIH
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Sleep apnea is a common condition that occurs when your breathing stops and restarts many times while you sleep. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments of sleep apnea.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn about continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), how the machine works, and the benefits and possible risks of using this treatment for sleep apnea.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn how the NHLBI supports research on the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep disorders, and how sleep disturbances affect human health.| NHLBI, NIH
Sleep deprivation and deficiency are conditions that occur when you don’t get enough good quality sleep when your body needs it. This can lead to physical and mental health problems. Learn about the causes, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment for Sleep deprivation and deficiency.| NHLBI, NIH
Choosing heart-healthy foods is a key part of knowing how to make heart-healthy lifestyle choices.| NHLBI, NIH
Learn about how sleep works, and how many hours of sleep to get each night--no matter what your age.| NHLBI, NIH
The DASH eating plan, also known as the DASH diet, is a flexible and balanced eating plan that helps create a heart-healthy eating pattern for life. Learn more about the health benefits of the plan and how to follow the DASH eating plan and limit calories and sodium in your daily life.| NHLBI, NIH
