Robert Nozick - Entitlement Theory, Libertarianism, Anarchy: Nozick’s vision of legitimate state power thus contrasts markedly with that of Rawls and his followers. Rawls argues that the state should have whatever powers are necessary to ensure that those citizens who are least well-off are as well-off as they can be (though these powers must be consistent with a variety of basic rights and freedoms). This viewpoint is derived from Rawls’s theory of justice, one principle of which is that...| Encyclopedia Britannica
John Ruskin, English critic of art, architecture, and society who was a gifted painter, a distinctive prose stylist, and an important example of the Victorian Sage, or Prophet: a writer of polemical prose who seeks to cause widespread cultural and social change.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Campo Grande, city, capital of Mato Grosso do Sul estado (state), southwestern Brazil. It lies near the headwaters of the Anhanduí River, in the Maracaju Mountains at 1,770 feet (540 metres) above sea level. Campo Grande is the largest city and the most active commercial centre of Mato Grosso do| Encyclopedia Britannica
Colossus of Rhodes, colossal statue of the sun god Helios that stood in the ancient Greek city of Rhodes and was one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The statue, which took 12 years to build (c. 294–282 BCE), was toppled by an earthquake about 225/226 BCE. Learn more about the Colossus of Rhodes in this article.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Yasmina Reza, French dramatist, novelist, director, and actress best known for her brief satiric plays that speak to contemporary middle-class anxieties. She earned wide acclaim for her plays Art (1994), The Unexpected Man (1995), and God of Carnage (2006). Read more about Reza’s life and career.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Other articles where ultra-high-temperature pasteurization is discussed: pasteurization: Ultra-high-temperature (UHT) pasteurization involves heating milk or cream to 138–150 °C (280–302 °F) for one or two seconds. Packaged in sterile, hermetically sealed containers, UHT milk may be stored without refrigeration for months. Ultrapasteurized milk and cream are heated to at least 138 °C for…| Encyclopedia Britannica
Francis Gary Powers, pilot who was captured on May 1, 1960, while on a reconnaissance flight deep inside the Soviet Union. The capture, known as the U-2 incident, resulted in the cancellation by the Soviet Union of a conference with the United States, Great Britain, and France.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Mount Everest, mountain on the crest of the Great Himalayas of southern Asia that lies on the border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Reaching an elevation of 29,032 feet (8,849 meters), Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It has long been revered by local peoples.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Prohibition was legal prevention of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States from 1920 to 1933 under the Eighteenth Amendment. Despite this legislation, millions of Americans drank liquor illegally, giving rise to bootlegging, speakeasies, and a period of gangsterism.| Encyclopedia Britannica
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase (this noun, pronoun, or noun| www.britannica.com
Lima bean, any of a variety of legumes (family Fabaceae) widely cultivated for their edible seeds. Lima beans are of Central American origin and have a wide range of pod sizes and seed shapes. Butter beans and giant white beans are well-known varieties.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Marie-Louise was an Austrian archduchess who became empress of the French (impératrice des Français) as the second wife of the emperor Napoleon I; she was later duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. Marie-Louise, a member of the house of Habsburg, was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman| Encyclopedia Britannica
Situationist International (SI), group of artists, writers, and social critics (1957–72) that aimed to eliminate capitalism through the revolutionization of everyday life. Instead of focusing on traditional sites of economic and social change, such as the factory, the Situationist International| Encyclopedia Britannica
Baby boom, the increase in the U.S. birth rate between 1946 and 1964; also, the generation born during that period. The uncertainties of the Great Depression and World War II led many couples to delay having children. The economic prosperity that followed the war was accompanied by a surge in population.| Encyclopedia Britannica
St. Gregory the Great was the pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, from 590 to 604. He is considered the founder of the medieval papacy, which exercised both secular and spiritual power. Both a writer and a reformer, he was the fourth and final of the traditional Latin Fathers of the Church and expounded a sacramental spirituality.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Evagrius Ponticus was a Christian mystic and writer whose development of a theology of contemplative prayer and asceticism laid the groundwork for a tradition of spiritual life in both Eastern and Western churches. Evagrius was a noted preacher and theological consultant in Constantinople when a| Encyclopedia Britannica
House arrest, court-ordered confinement in one’s own home. The sentence is viewed as an important alternative to standard incarceration at various stages of the criminal justice process. It is employed by criminal justice systems around the world and often entails very diverse requirements. There| Encyclopedia Britannica
Explore the fact-checked online encyclopedia from Encyclopaedia Britannica with hundreds of thousands of objective articles, biographies, videos, and images from experts.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Mark Twain was a humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist who remains best known for his adventure stories of American boyhood. His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventure of Huckleberry Finn.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Jacquard loom, in weaving, device incorporated in special looms to control individual warp yarns. It used punched cards to produce fabrics having intricate woven patterns such as tapestry, brocade, and damask. Its use of punch cards was adapted for use in 19th- and 20th-century computers.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Joseph-Marie Jacquard, French inventor of the Jacquard loom, which served as the impetus for the technological revolution of the textile industry and is the basis of the modern automatic loom. The Jacquard loom’s punched cards later became a method of inputting data into computers until the mid 20th-century.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Black pudding, a sausage incorporating blood, popular in the British Isles and typically eaten as a breakfast food. Black pudding has been a recorded item of British cuisine since at least the 1400s, although it is certainly far older. The Odyssey of Homer mentions a sausage “filled with fat and| Encyclopedia Britannica
Bedouin, Arab-speaking nomadic peoples of the Middle Eastern deserts, especially of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Israel, Iraq, Syria, and Jordan. Most Bedouins are animal herders, and their society is tribal and patriarchal, typically composed of extended families that are headed by sheikhs.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect widely known for his sculptural bridges and buildings. His projects include the Alamillo Bridge, Sevilla, Spain; Turning Torso, Malmo, Sweden; the Airport Railway Station, Lyon, France; and an addition to the Milwaukee Art Museum, Wisconsin.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Chiron, icy small body orbiting the Sun in the outer solar system among the giant planets. Once thought to be the most distant known asteroid, Chiron is now believed to have the composition of a comet nucleus—i.e., a mixture of water ice, other frozen gases, organic material, and silicate dust.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Chiron, in Greek mythology, one of the Centaurs, the son of the Titan Cronus and Philyra, an Oceanid or sea nymph. Chiron lived at the foot of Mount Pelion in Thessaly. Unlike other Centaurs, who were violent and savage, he was famous for his wisdom and knowledge of medicine. Many Greek heroes,| Encyclopedia Britannica
Benin, one of the principal historic kingdoms of the western African forest region (fl. 13th–19th century). Tradition asserts that the Edo people became dissatisfied with the rule of a dynasty of semimythical kings, the ogisos, and in the 13th century they invited Prince Oranmiyan of Ife to rule| Encyclopedia Britannica
Wars of the Roses (1455–85), in English history, the series of civil wars that preceded the rise of the Tudors. Fought between the houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne, the wars were named years afterward from the supposed badges of the contenders: the white rose of York and the red rose of Lancaster.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Nongovernmental organization (NGO), voluntary group of individuals or organizations, usually not affiliated with any government, that is formed to provide services or to advocate a public policy. Although some NGOs are for-profit corporations, the vast majority are nonprofit organizations. Some| Encyclopedia Britannica
Other articles where Caryota is discussed: palm: Ecology: devour fruits of Arenga and Caryota in Asia. Studies of fruit dispersal are in their infancy, but a large number of interesting associations have been noted.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Fungicide, any toxic substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of fungi. Fungicides are generally used to control parasitic fungi that either cause economic damage to crop or ornamental plants or endanger the health of domestic animals or humans. Learn more about the types and uses of fungicides.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Ice age, any geologic period during which thick ice sheets cover vast areas of land. Such periods of large-scale glaciation may last several million years and drastically reshape surface features of entire continents. A number of major ice ages have occurred throughout Earth history.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Slavic languages - Indo-European, Dialects, Grammar: A number of features set off Slavic from other Indo-European subgroups. The Slavic languages are an unusually numerous yet close-knit subgroup. On the whole, Slavic auxiliary words tend to be unstressed and to be incorporated into a single phonetic group or phrase with an autonomous stressed word. Inflection (i.e., the use of endings, prefixes, and vowel alternations) has persisted as the main method of differentiating grammatical meanings,...| Encyclopedia Britannica
Caribbean Sea, suboceanic basin of the western Atlantic Ocean, lying between latitudes 9 and 22 degrees N and longitudes 89 and 60 degrees W. It is approximately 1,063,000 square miles (2,753,000 square km) in extent. Learn more about the Caribbean Sea in this article.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Moonshine is, traditionally, illicitly distilled liquor, though it is also a product distilled legally today. The word “moonshine” is derived from the notion of the liquor being made and distributed at night, under cover of darkness. Moonshine has also been called rotgut, white lightning, white dog, and corn liquor.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Conservation of energy, principle of physics according to which the energy in a closed system remains constant. Energy is not created or destroyed but merely changes forms. For example, in a swinging pendulum, potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and back again.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Antoine Lavoisier, prominent French chemist and leading figure in the 18th-century chemical revolution who developed an experimentally based theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen and coauthored the modern system for naming chemical substances. He was also a leading financier and public administrator.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Random walk, in probability theory, a process for determining the probable location of a point subject to random motions, given the probabilities (the same at each step) of moving some distance in some direction. Random walks are an example of Markov processes, in which future behaviour is| Encyclopedia Britannica
Yinyang, in Eastern thought, is the two complementary forces that make up all aspects and phenomena of life. Yin is a symbol of earth, femaleness, darkness, passivity, and absorption. Yang is conceived of as heaven, maleness, light, activity, and penetration.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Nirvana, in Indian religious thought, the supreme goal of certain meditation disciplines. Although it occurs in the literatures of a number of ancient Indian traditions, the Sanskrit term nirvana is most commonly associated with Buddhism, in which it is the oldest and most common designation for| Encyclopedia Britannica
Millennial, term used to describe a person born between 1981 and 1996, though different sources can vary by a year or two. It was first used in the book Generations (1991) by William Strauss and Neil Howe, who felt it was an appropriate name for the first generation to reach adulthood in the new| Encyclopedia Britannica
Middle Ages, the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century CE to the dawn of the Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century, depending on the region of Europe and other factors).| Encyclopedia Britannica
Cephalus, in Greek mythology, son of Hermes and Herse, daughter of Cecrops, king of Athens. According to Hesiod’s Theogony, he was beloved by the goddess Dawn (Eos, or Aurora), who carried him off to live with her on Mount Olympus. With his hound, Laelaps (Hurricane), he overcame the vixen of| Encyclopedia Britannica
Clearwing moth, (family Sesiidae), any of approximately 1,000 species of moths (order Lepidoptera) that are long-legged with a slender, dark body with bright red or yellow markings. The wings frequently lack scales and are transparent. Unlike those of other moths, the front and back wings are| Encyclopedia Britannica
Peloponnese, peninsula of 8,278 square miles (21,439 square km), a large, mountainous body of land jutting southward into the Mediterranean that since antiquity has been a major region of Greece, joined to the rest of mainland Greece by the Isthmus of Corinth. The name, which is derived from| Encyclopedia Britannica
Koi, (Cyprinus carpio), any of more than 100 ornamental varieties of carp that are best known for their colourful body patterning and are kept as pets in indoor and outdoor freshwater ponds throughout the world. Koi were raised initially as food fishes in China and Japan. However, they also serve| Encyclopedia Britannica
Gambling is the betting or staking of something of value, with consciousness of risk and hope of gain, on the outcome of a game, a contest, or an uncertain event whose result may be determined by chance or accident or have an unexpected result by reason of the bettor’s miscalculation.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Blackjack, gambling card game popular in casinos throughout the world. Its origin is disputed, but it is certainly related to several French and Italian gambling games. In Britain since World War I, the informal game has been called pontoon. Players hope to get a total card value of 21 or to come| Encyclopedia Britannica
Thunderstorm - Electrification, Lightning, Precipitation: Within a single thunderstorm, there are updrafts and downdrafts and a variety of cloud particles and precipitation. Measurements show that thunderclouds in different geographic locations tend to produce an excess negative charge at altitudes where the ambient air temperature is between about −5 and −15 °C (23 to 5 °F). Positive charge accumulates at both higher and lower altitudes. The result is a division of charge across space ...| Encyclopedia Britannica
Electric motor - Linear Induction, Magnetic Fields, Propulsion: A linear induction motor provides linear force and motion rather than rotational torque. The shape and operation of a linear induction motor can be visualized as depicted in the figure by making a radial cut in a rotating induction machine and flattening it out. The result is a flat “stator,” or upper section, of iron laminations that carry a three-phase, multipole winding with conductors perpendicular to the direction of mot...| Encyclopedia Britannica
Romulus and Remus are the legendary founders of Rome. Traditionally, they were the sons of Rhea Silvia, daughter of Numitor, king of Alba Longa. Rhea’s uncle, Amulius, tried to have the infants drowned in the Tiber River, but they survived and were kept alive by a she-wolf.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Leprechaun, in Irish folklore, fairy in the form of a tiny old man often with a cocked hat and leather apron. Solitary by nature, he is said to live in remote places and to make shoes and brogues. The sound of his hammering betrays his presence. He possesses a hidden crock of gold; if captured and| Encyclopedia Britannica
Global North and Global South is a framework for understanding and analyzing the relative prosperity and international power of countries around the world.| Encyclopedia Britannica
André Malraux was a French novelist, art historian, and statesman who became an active supporter of Gen. Charles de Gaulle and, after de Gaulle was elected president in 1958, served for 10 years as France’s minister of cultural affairs. His major works include the novel La Condition humaine (1933;| Encyclopedia Britannica
Outsider art, any work of art produced by an untrained idiosyncratic artist who is typically unconnected to the conventional art world—not by choice but by circumstance. The “classic” figures of outsider art were socially or culturally marginal figures. They were usually undereducated; they almost| Encyclopedia Britannica
The financial crisis of 2007–08 was a severe contraction of liquidity in global financial markets that originated in the United States as a result of the collapse of the U.S. housing market. It precipitated the Great Recession (2007–09), the worst economic downturn in the United States since the Great Depression.| www.britannica.com
Likert scale, rating system, used in questionnaires, that is designed to measure people’s attitudes, opinions, or perceptions. Subjects choose from a range of possible responses to a specific question or statement; responses typically include “strongly agree,” “agree,” “neutral,” “disagree,” and| Encyclopedia Britannica
Demeter, in Greek religion, daughter of the deities Cronus and Rhea, sister and consort of Zeus (the king of the gods) and goddess of agriculture. In one legend her daughter Persephone is carried off by Hades, the god of the underworld. Demeter’s distress diverts her attention from the harvest and causes a famine.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Millennialism - Eschatology, Apocalypticism, Utopianism: The Taborites were perhaps the most important millennial group of the late Middle Ages and represent a transition to the new age of millennial movements in the Renaissance and the Reformation. Borrowing themes from the English Reformer John Wycliffe, Czech preachers advocated a radical, antipapal reform. Jan Hus, the most prominent of these men, was burned at the stake at the Council of Constance in 1415, which strengthened the hand of ...| Encyclopedia Britannica
Baroque art and architecture, the visual arts and construction in Western art that roughly coincide with the 17th century. Though stylistically complex, even contradictory, the qualities frequently associated with the Baroque are grandeur, sensuous richness, drama, vitality, movement, tension, and emotional exuberance.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Mount Ararat, volcanic massif in extreme eastern Turkey, overlooking the point at which the frontiers of Turkey, Iran, and Armenia converge. It consists of two peaks, Great Ararat, which is the highest peak in Turkey, and Little Ararat. Learn more about Mount Ararat.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Yahweh, name for the God of the Israelites, representing the biblical pronunciation of ‘YHWH,’ the Hebrew name revealed to Moses in the book of Exodus. The name YHWH, consisting of the sequence of consonants Yod, Heh, Waw, and Heh, is known as the tetragrammaton.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Aung San Suu Kyi - Burmese Activist, Nobel Laureate, Democracy: Government restrictions on Suu Kyi’s activities were further relaxed during 2011. She was allowed to meet freely with associates and others in Yangon and by midyear was able to travel outside the city. In August she met in the capital, Nay Pyi Taw (Naypyidaw), with Thein Sein, who had become the civilian president of Myanmar in March. Other high-profile meetings followed later in the year, including those with Thailand’s new ...| Encyclopedia Britannica
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), any of several peptide hormones that function primarily to stimulate growth but that also possess some ability to decrease blood glucose levels. IGFs were discovered when investigators began studying the effects of biological substances on cells and tissues outside| Encyclopedia Britannica
Navy SEAL, in the U.S. Navy, a member of a special operations armed force trained to engage in direct raids or assaults on enemy targets, conduct reconnaissance missions to report on enemy activity (especially prior to beach landings), and take part in action against terrorist groups. The SEALs| Encyclopedia Britannica
Saʿdī was a Persian poet, one of the greatest figures in classical Persian literature. He lost his father, Muṣliḥ al-Dīn, in early childhood; later he was sent to study in Baghdad at the renowned Neẓāmīyeh College, where he acquired the traditional learning of Islam. The unsettled conditions| Encyclopedia Britannica
Tahini, paste of crushed sesame seeds that is widely used in Middle Eastern cooking. As an hors d’oeuvre dip, eaten with bread or crackers, tahini is often mixed with other ingredients, such as garlic and lemon juice or ground chickpeas, being made into a sauce or a paste known as hummus.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Xuanzang, Buddhist monk and Chinese pilgrim to India who translated the sacred scriptures of Buddhism from Sanskrit into Chinese and founded in China the Buddhist Consciousness Only school. His fame rests mainly on the volume and diversity of his translations of the Buddhist sutras and on the record of his travels.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Canada, the second largest country in the world in area, occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. Despite Canada’s great size, it is one of the world’s most sparsely populated countries. It has crafted what many consider to be a model multicultural society.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Little Ice Age (LIA), climate interval that occurred from the early 14th century through the mid-19th century, when mountain glaciers expanded at several locations, including the European Alps, New Zealand, Alaska, and the southern Andes, and mean annual temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere| Encyclopedia Britannica
Irish wolfhound, tallest of all dog breeds, a keen-sighted hound used in Ireland for many years to hunt wolves and other game. An ancient breed, first mentioned about the 2nd century ad, it is similar in build to the greyhound but far more powerful. The female, which is smaller than the male,| Encyclopedia Britannica
Nile River, the longest river in the world, called the father of African rivers. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. Learn more about the Nile River, including its hydrology and its plant and animal life, in this article.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Guantanamo Bay detention camp, U.S. detention facility on the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, located on the coast of Guantanamo Bay in southeastern Cuba. Constructed in stages starting in 2002, the Guantanamo Bay detention camp was used to house Muslim militants and suspected terrorists.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Jezebel, in the Bible, the wife of King Ahab, who ruled the kingdom of Israel. By interfering with the exclusive worship of the Hebrew God, Yahweh, by disregarding the rights of the common people, and by defying the prophets Elijah and Elisha, she provoked the internecine strife that enfeebled Israel for decades.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Angels and demons are, respectively, any benevolent or malevolent spiritual beings that mediate between the transcendent and temporal realms. They are among various spiritual beings, powers, and principles that mediate between the realm of the sacred or holy and the profane realm of time, space, and cause and effect.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Chao Phraya River, principal river of Thailand. It flows south through the nation’s fertile central plain for more than 225 miles (365 km) to the Gulf of Thailand. Thailand’s capitals, past and present (Bangkok), have all been situated on its banks or those of its tributaries and distributaries, as| Encyclopedia Britannica
The term Greek mythology refers to the oral and literary traditions of the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes and the nature of the cosmos. The narratives influenced the arts of later centuries so that such stories as the abduction of Persephone and those from Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey remained popular in the 21st century.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are ready-made collections of stocks, bonds, and other assets that trade throughout the day on an exchange. ETFs may be tied to stock indexes, bonds, commodities, emerging markets, and more.| www.britannica.com
Leeds, urban area, city, and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. It lies along the River Aire about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Manchester. It is the largest city in Yorkshire and one of Britain’s major cultural centers.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Temperature, measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any of several arbitrary scales, such as Fahrenheit, Celsius, or Kelvin.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Alexandre Dumas, pere, one of the most prolific and most popular French authors of the 19th century. He gained a great reputation first as a dramatist and then as a historical novelist, especially for such works as The Count of Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Ganges River is a great river of the plains of the northern Indian subcontinent, which from time immemorial has been the holy river of Hinduism. Despite its importance, its length of 1,560 miles (2,510 km) is relatively short compared with the other great rivers of Asia or the world.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Caravaggio (1571–1610) was a leading Italian painter of the late 16th and early 17th centuries who became famous for the intense and unsettling realism of his large-scale religious works.| Encyclopedia Britannica
The spotted lanternfly is a species of plant hopper native to China, India, and Vietnam. The insect is an invasive species in a number of countries, including the United States, and can weaken and kill host plants.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Stalinism, the method of rule, or policies, of Joseph Stalin, Soviet Communist Party and state leader from 1929 until his death in 1953. Stalinism is associated with a regime of terror and totalitarian rule. Three years after Stalin’s death in 1953, Soviet leaders led by Nikita Khrushchev denounced the cult of Stalin.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Marxism, a body of doctrine developed by Karl Marx and, to a lesser extent, by Friedrich Engels in the mid-19th century. It originally consisted of three related ideas: a philosophical anthropology, a theory of history, and an economic and political program.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Leninism, principles expounded by Vladimir I. Lenin, who was the preeminent figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917. Whether Leninist concepts represented a contribution to or a corruption of Marxist thought has been debated, but their influence on the subsequent development of communism in the| Encyclopedia Britannica
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is a political party of China. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the CCP has been in sole control of that country’s government.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Long March, (1934–35), the 6,000-mile (10,000-km) historic trek of the Chinese communists, which resulted in the relocation of the communist revolutionary base from southeastern to northwestern China and in the emergence of Mao Zedong as the undisputed party leader. Fighting Nationalist forces| Encyclopedia Britannica
The Great Leap Forward was the campaign led by the Chinese Communist Party between 1958 and early 1960 to organize China’s vast population, especially in large-scale rural communes, to meet the country’s industrial and agricultural problems. It failed to meet its production goals and led to a famine in which about 20 million people died.| Encyclopedia Britannica
The Cultural Revolution was the upheaval launched by Mao Zedong during his last decade in power (1966–76). Though it was intended to renew the spirit of the Chinese Revolution, it instead had detrimental political, social, and economic consequences for China. Read more about the Cultural Revolution here.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Jiang Qing was the third wife of Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong and the most influential woman in the People’s Republic of China for a while until her downfall in 1976, after Mao’s death. As a member of the Gang of Four she was convicted in 1981 of “counter-revolutionary crimes” and| Encyclopedia Britannica
Zambezi River, river draining a large portion of south-central Africa. Together with its tributaries, it forms the fourth largest river basin of the continent. The river flows eastward for about 2,200 miles (3,540 kilometres) from its source on the Central African Plateau to empty into the Indian| Encyclopedia Britannica
Iranian Revolution, popular uprising in 1978–79 that resulted in the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and the establishment of an Islamic republic. It came about as the culmination of decades of popular discontent mixed with economic turmoil and an increasingly repressive regime.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Malcolm X, a prominent civil rights activist and advocate for Black empowerment, challenged societal norms with his powerful speeches and played a crucial role in the fight against racial injustice.| Encyclopedia Britannica
Vitamin, any of several organic substances that are necessary in small quantities for normal health and growth in higher forms of animal life. Vitamins generally cannot be synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet bodily needs and therefore must be obtained from the diet or from some synthetic source.| Encyclopedia Britannica
White Island volcanic eruption of 2019, volcanic eruption on December 9, 2019, on Whakaari/White Island, located off the coast of eastern North Island, New Zealand, which resulted in the deaths of 22 individuals and injured numerous others. At the time of the eruption, 47 people (adventure tourists| Encyclopedia Britannica
