Mechanisms responsible for delayed wound repair are poorly understood despite the common impact of this disorder on health. To study how Staphylococcus aureus disrupts healing, mouse and human wound repair models were evaluated after exposure to S. aureus or commensal Staphylococcus. Quorum sensing by S. aureus, but not S. hominis, delayed repair and inhibited the expression of genes responsible for lipid metabolism in keratinocytes. S. aureus with inactive accessory gene regulator (agr) did ...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common hematological malignancy. Leukemia stem cells exhibit high levels of oxidative stress, with ROS being the primary products of this stress, inducing the expression of c-JUN activation domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1). Previous studies have demonstrated that Jab1, as a transcriptional coactivator of c-JUN, promotes the malignant progression of AML under oxidative stress. However, its role in immune evasion is still under investigation. Here, we obs...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone cancer, characterized by a high incidence of lung metastasis and a lack of therapeutic targets. Here, by combining an in vivo CRISPR activation screen with the interactome of STUB1, a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma, we identified that myeloid leukemia factor 2 (MLF2) promotes osteosarcoma metastasis. Mechanistically, MLF2 disrupted the interaction between BiP and IRE1α, thereby activating the IRE1α/XBP1-S-MMP9 axis. The E3 ligase STUB...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Schlafen 14–related (SLFN14-related) thrombocytopenia is a rare bleeding disorder caused by SLFN14 mutations altering hemostasis in patients with platelet dysfunction. SLFN proteins are highly conserved in mammals where SLFN14 is specifically expressed in megakaryocyte (MK) and erythroblast lineages. The role of SLFN14 in megakaryopoiesis and platelet function has not been elucidated. Therefore, we generated a murine model with a platelet- and MK-specific SLFN14 deletion using platelet fact...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Sweet syndrome (also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is a rare inflammatory skin disorder characterized by erythematous plaques with a dense dermal neutrophilic infiltrate. The first-line therapy remains oral corticosteroids, which suppresses inflammation nonspecifically. Although neutrophils are typically short-lived, how they persist in Sweet syndrome skin and contribute to disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized population of antige...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Crypt hyperplasia is a key feature of celiac disease (CeD) and several other small intestinal inflammatory conditions. Analysis of the gut epithelial crypt zone by mass spectrometry–based tissue proteomics revealed a strong IFN-γ signal in active CeD. This signal, hallmarked by increased expression of MHC molecules, was paralleled by diminished expression of proteins associated with fatty acid metabolism. Crypt hyperplasia and the same proteomic changes were observed in WT mice administere...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) bind to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and modulate channel function. Variants in FHFs or VGSCs perturbing that bimolecular interaction are associated with arrhythmias. Like some channel auxiliary subunits, FHFs exert additional cellular regulatory roles, but whether these alternative roles affect VGSC regulation is unknown. Using a separation-of-function strategy, we show that a structurally guided, bindi...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have transformed the treatment landscape for hormone receptor+ (HR+) breast cancer. However, their long-term efficacy is limited by acquired resistance, and CDK4/6i monotherapy remains ineffective in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we demonstrate that dual inhibition of CDK4/6 and CDK7 is a promising strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance in both HR+ and TNBC models. Kinetic analyses revealed that CDK7 inhibitors (CDK7i) primar...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Celiac disease, an enteropathy driven by a maladaptive immune response to dietary gluten, is marked by increased proliferation in intestinal crypts, or crypt hyperplasia. However, it is unknown whether this phenomenon is a compensatory response to loss of villus epithelial cells or if it is driven by independent mechanisms. In this issue of the JCI, Stamnaes et al. demonstrated that in untreated celiac disease, crypt cells had increased expression of proteins involved in the IFN response, wit...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Neutrophils are key drivers of inflammation in Sweet syndrome (SS), a rare inflammatory skin disorder, but how they remain persistently activated in SS skin lesions has been unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Huang, Sati, and colleagues applied single-cell RNA-Seq and immunofluorescence to identify a subset of neutrophils in SS skin that display antigen-presenting cell–like (APC-like) features. The authors showed that when neutrophils interacted with keratinocytes, their lifespan was marked...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Inflammatory diseases contribute to secondary osteoporosis. Hypertension is a highly prevalent inflammatory condition that is clinically associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk of fragility fracture. In this study, we showed that a significant loss in bone mass and strength occurs in two preclinical models of hypertension. This accompanied increases in immune cell populations, including monocytes, macrophages, and IL-17A–producing T cell subtypes in the bone marrow o...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Dysfunction of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) is implicated in several neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD). Despite progress in characterizing MSN pathology in HD, mechanisms underlying MSN susceptibility remain unknown, driving the need for MSNs derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), especially subtypes in research and therapy. Here, we established a scalable 3D-default culture system to produce striatal MSNs efficiently from hPSCs by activation of...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the conversion of arginine residues into peptidyl citrulline, a posttranslational modification known as protein citrullination (or arginine deimination). This process alters the charge of proteins from positive to neutral, thereby affecting their folding, stability, conformation, and function. PAD2 and PAD4 can translocate into the nucleus and citrullinate both cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. In this Review, we focus on PAD2- and PAD4-mediated ci...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus caused by metabolic toxicity to peripheral axons. We aimed to gain deep mechanistic insight into the disease using transcriptomics on tibial and sural nerves recovered from lower leg amputations in a mostly diabetic population and control sural nerves from cross-facial nerve graft surgery. First, comparing DPN versus control sural nerves revealed inflammatory activation and sensory changes in DPN. Second, wh...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Despite the potential of targeted epigenetic therapies, most cancers do not respond to current epigenetic drugs. The polycomb repressive complex EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat was recently approved for the treatment of SMARCB1-deficient epithelioid sarcomas, based on the functional antagonism between PRC2 and SMARCB1. Through the analysis of tumors of patients treated with tazemetostat, we recently defined key principles of their response and resistance to EZH2 epigenetic therapy. Here, using tr...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, chronic, and highly disabling neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by demyelination and T cell–driven inflammation. Pathogenic T cells play a central role in MS, but effective therapeutic targeting remains challenging. Here, we identified ankyrin repeat domain–containing protein 55 (ANKRD55) as a key regulator of T cell function by single-cell transcriptomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and blood from MS patients. ANKRD55 was predominantly ...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the advanced stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD), remains a leading cause of morbidity and limb loss. Effective vascular regeneration strategies will require increased understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying angiogenesis. Recent evidence revealed a new role for the vascular smooth muscle cell–enriched (VSMC-enriched) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CARMN in endothelial angiogenesis and postischemic vascular repair. CARMN was downregulated ...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) often advances to chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), resulting in severe complications such as limb amputation. Despite the potential of therapeutic angiogenesis, the mechanisms of cell-cell communication and transcriptional changes driving PAD are not fully understood. Profiling long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) from gastrocnemius muscles of participants with or without CLTI revealed that a vascular smooth muscle cell–enriched (SMC-enriched) lncRNA, CARMN...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA), a devastating infection in immunocompromised patients. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) regulate host defense against IA by enhancing neutrophil antifungal properties in the lung. Here, we define the pDC activation trajectory during A. fumigatus infection and the molecular events that underlie the protective pDC–neutrophil crosstalk. Fungus-induced pDC activation began after bone marrow egress and resulted in pDC-dependen...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease, due in part to its diagnosis frequently being made at an advanced stage. Ongoing efforts are aimed at identifying early-stage PC in high-risk individuals, as early detection leads to downstaging of PC and improvements in survival. However, there are a myriad of challenges that arise when trying to optimize PC early detection strategies, including selection of the appropriate high-risk individuals and selection of the test or combination of test...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
The increasing recognition of a new category of encephalitides that occur in association with antibodies against neuronal surface proteins has prompted the use of terms like “autoimmune psychosis” and “autoimmune psychiatric disorders.” However, although psychosis and other psychiatric symptoms can occur in autoimmune encephalitides and systemic autoimmune diseases, evidence for a distinct psychiatric entity beyond these conditions is lacking. A particularly defining condition is anti...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Stress-induced epithelial plasticity is central to lung regeneration, fibrosis, and malignancy, but how cellular stress leads to differentiation is incompletely understood. Here, we found a central role for IRE1α, a conserved mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), in stimulating the plasticity of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. In single-cell RNA-seq, IRE1α activity was associated with loss of AT2 identity and progression toward a damage-associated transitional state unique to fibros...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
CD24 promotes prostate cancer progression and metastasis by disrupting the ARF-NPM interaction and impairing p53 signaling. However, the mechanisms underlying CD24-driven metastasis remain unclear. This study identifies a novel interaction between CD24 and Regulator of Chromosome Condensation 2 (RCC2), a protein involved in cell proliferation and migration. IHC analysis of prostate adenocarcinoma samples showed frequent coexpression of CD24 (49%) and RCC2 (82%) with a positive correlation bet...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Recent advances in sequencing technologies have enabled the identification of intermediate cell states during alveolar epithelial differentiation, which expand during repair following injury and in fibrotic lungs. Although ER stress has been implicated in pulmonary fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The featured study by Auyeung and colleagues looked for links between the unfolded protein response sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), intermediate epithelial cell sta...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Genome editing has the potential to treat genetic hearing loss. However, current editing therapies for genetic hearing loss have shown efficacy only in hearing rescue. In this study, we evaluated a rescue strategy using adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2–mediated delivery of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9-sgRNA in the mature inner ear of the P2rx2V61L/+ mouse model of autosomal dominant deafness-41 (DFNA41), a dominant, delayed-onset, and progressive hearing loss in humans. We demonstrate that...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Sympathetic tone is a central signaling axis inhibiting osteogenesis; however, the combination of durable local and systemic sympathetic effects on bone argues that multiple mechanisms, including yet-undiscovered pathways, are involved. Here, we found that sympathetic nerves constituted a component of the skeletal stem cell (SSC) niche: mice with conditional deletion of the classical axonal repellent Slit2 in sympathetic nerves (Slit2th mice), but not in bone stem/progenitor cells or sensory ...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Cancer cells present neoantigens dominantly through MHC class I (MHCI) to drive tumor rejection through cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. There is growing recognition that a subset of tumors express MHC class II (MHCII), causing recognition of antigens by TCRs of CD4+ T cells that contribute to the antitumor response. We found that mouse BrafV600E-driven anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs) responded markedly to the RAF plus MEK inhibitors dabrafenib and trametinib (dab/tram) and that this was associated ...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) complexes with methylosome protein 50 (MEP50) play crucial roles in tumor progress. However, the regulatory mechanism of governing the PRMT5-MEP50 hetero-octameric complex remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that C6orf223, to our knowledge an uncharacterized protein, facilitates PRMT5-MEP50 multiprotein complex assembling, thereby promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and metastasis. C6orf223 forms dimers through disulfide bonds, with its N-te...| The Journal of Clinical Investigation -- New Articles
1Department of Interventional Radiology and| www.jci.org
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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage kidney failure worldwide. DKD develops in approximately 40% of patients with diabetes (1). In 2022, an estimated 828 million adults had diabetes, and the number continues to rise (2). A relatively new class of therapeutic agents, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which were originally developed to improve glucose control by promoting glucosuria, have demonstrated powerful kidney a...| www.jci.org
Erratum| www.jci.org
To assess submitted content, the JCI and JCI Insight rely primarily on academic editors who are active researchers themselves. With broad scientific knowledge, our editors scrutinize the rigor, quality, and potential impact of manuscripts both before and after the peer review process, relying on their ongoing experiences as active investigators. At the JCI, about 25% of submitted articles are judged to be of a quality and impact deserving of more detailed external peer review. For this, we de...| www.jci.org
A seminal report from Paul Quinton in 1983 identified that the sweat ducts of people with CF had low permeability to chloride ions, leading to impaired salt reabsorption and high sweat chloride levels (3), the latter representing the foundation of clinical testing for CF diagnosis since 1959 (4). In the same year, in work published by the JCI, Michael Knowles identified similar abnormalities in chloride transport in the airways of patients with CF (5). Two years later, Welsh and colleagues at...| www.jci.org
Over a century since its routine introduction into medical practice (1), blood transfusion remains one of the most common medical procedures, with over 11 million RBC units collected annually in the United States alone (2). RBC units can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 42 days, providing critical logistical advantages. However, extended storage induces progressive biochemical, metabolic, and morphological changes collectively termed the “storage lesion” (3). These storage-associat...| www.jci.org
To the Editor: Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, approximately 5% of individuals develop long COVID (LC), defined as ongoing symptoms present at least 3 months after infection that are disruptive to everyday functioning. There is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 persistence is associated with LC and that people with LC have dysregulated adaptive immune function that may originate from or potentiate viral persistence (1). NK cells, a critical component of the viral innate immune response, can ex...| www.jci.org