| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
This paper offers a new estimation approach for balancing statistical flexibility and economic regularity in structural econometric models. We focus our analysis on nonparametric demand systems for differentiated goods where such trade-offs are especially salient. Our framework is based on a quasi-Bayes model that transforms a sieve-based estimator of the inverse demand function into a quasi-likelihood, and then uses priors to regularize and enforce economic constraints. The induced quasi-pos...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
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Anecdotally, excessive risk-taking can be traced back to minor acts that escalated gradually. What leads to risk-taking escalation and why is escalation fast in some individuals, but not in others? Here, over three experiments (NMain Experiment = 160, NValidation Experiment = 35, NControl Experiment = 30), we used Virtual Reality to simulate physical risk by having participants walk on a virtual plank suspended in midair. We demonstrate that with repeated opportunities to engage i...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
The European Commission recently proposed a break up of Google’s display advertising business. We argue that the market definition used by the Commission risks being too narrow and propose expanding it to include Google’s broader ecosystem. We then ask a simple question; why can consumers not choose which advertising network they would like to use with Google’s zero-priced online platforms? Our answer is that by integrating its advertising network into its popular online platforms, Goog...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
BACKGROUND: Online Symptom Checkers (OSCs) are digital health tools providing triage, diagnostic, and self-care advice based on user reported symptoms. Amidst global trends of increasing demand and workforce shortages, OSCs have the potential to alleviate primary care workload. However, their ability to seek red flag symptoms, a critical marker of a safe consultation in primary care, remains unexplored. Using clinical vignettes, this study evaluates OSCs’ performance in seeking red flag sym...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
While scholars have found that conflict-related victimization and exposure to violence can increase concern for the well-being of others, those effects have been largely circumscribed to in-group boundaries. Less clear is whether such empathy ‘born of suffering’ extends to stigmatized groups. We consider the case of public tolerance for LGBT+ people in Mosul Iraq, a city that experienced widespread violence under Islamic State (ISIS) occupation from 2014–2017, including targeted killing...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Objective: South Asian communities represent one of the largest ethnic minority groups in the UK. Within this group the number of adults requiring palliative and end-of-life care is growing. However, there are often barriers to engagement and underutilization of palliative care services. We aimed to understand the experiences of South Asian patients and/or carers of palliative and end of life care services in the UK. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of qualitative data. Th...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Micronutrients are essential components of the human diet, but dietary levels above or below their narrow, recommended range are harmful. Deficiencies increase the risk of stunted growth and metabolic, infectious, and respiratory disorders, and have likely been pervasive in human history, as local soils poor in micronutrients are widespread. Deficiencies are also common today, affecting approximately 2 billion people. Limited evidence exists for selenium, zinc, iodine, and iron deficiencies d...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Effective disaster management hinges on prompt, informed decisions, where social media has emerged as a real-time information source. However, current artificial intelligence (AI) systems for disaster response rely on universal taxonomies that assume information relevance is consistent across geographical and cultural contexts – an assumption that fails to account for regional variations in disaster types, response capabilities and local priorities. This study questions the ‘one-size-fits...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the presence of intraneuronal aggregates containing fibrillar ɑ-synuclein known as Lewy bodies. These large end-stage species are formed by smaller soluble protein nanoscale assemblies, often termed oligomers, which are proposed as early drivers of pathogenesis. Until now, this hypothesis has remained controversial, at least in part because it has not been possible to directly visualize nanoscale assemblies in human...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Meänkieli is a minoritised and endangered language traditionally spoken in Northern Sweden. This study analyses linguistic variation in a selection of contemporary Meänkieli teaching and learning resources (TLRs) and discusses the language ideologies and the sociopolitical context connected to the variation. In a complex assemblage of perspectives and practices, this study identifies four ideologies behind variation in TLRs: two more purist ideologies (traditional, standard language) and tw...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
BACKGROUND: Conditions like fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis or cancer, once seen as distinct diseases, are now recognized to share strikingly common pathogenic mechanisms. The key to this convergence lies in the fibroblast, a pivotal driver of disease progression, tissue injury and chronicity. Despite this central pathogenic role and growing recognition as a therapeutic target, effective treatments targeting fibroblasts remain elusive, leaving a critical gap in disease intervention. METHODS: H...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Objectives: An increase in food portion size offered to children over recent decades has been suggested to contribute to the rise in childhood obesity. This review investigated the effect of interventions that manipulated portion size on energy intake and risk of obesity in school-aged children. Methods: A systematic search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases (from inception to 2025). Included studies were original articles in English, involving children aged 5...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Though current traffic simulation methods can produce impressive results, reversing behavior is always ignored, potentially reducing the diversity and plausibility of simulation data. Furthermore, while common traffic behaviors like following‐the‐leader and lane changing can be easily simulated, efficiently generating irregular cases in a human‐in‐the‐loop manner with specific motions based on user desires is less discussed. To address the gap, we present a novel interactive traffic...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
What is this summary about?Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a condition that affects the immune system (the body's natural defence system) and causes the skin to harden and thicken in large patches. Research shows that 30% to 90% of people with SSc also have interstitial lung disease (ILD), a condition that causes inflammation and scarring of the lungs. When people have SSc and ILD, it is known as SSc-associated ILD or SSc-ILD. The authors of this plain language summary of publication (PLS-P) revi...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
BACKGROUND: The USA has traditionally been the largest donor to health programmes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In January 2025, almost all such funding was stopped and prospects for its resumption are uncertain. The suddenness of the funding cuts makes it difficult for national health programmes in LMICs to adapt. We aimed to estimate the impact of these cuts on deaths and other outcomes (new infections, number of family planning users, and unplanned pregnancies) for fou...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
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This paper reports a Galactic kinematical and dynamical analysis of 1003 main-sequence carbon stars. The sample is drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and cross-matched with Gaia DR3 to obtain 6-dimensional positions and velocities using a Bayesian framework. The study provides the first reliable distances for a large sample of dwarf carbon stars, which are then analysed using both space motions and actions. The results are combined with dynamical equilibrium models for the three primary...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
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Radiogenic strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) and the alkaline earth ratios (AERs) Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca in fossil dental enamel can inform the habitat, residence and life histories of early hominins recovered from the Pleistocene cradle-of-humankind sites of Gauteng, South Africa. Key questions, which may be addressed with these indices, are the relative exploitation of wet versus dry botanic regimes and whether early hominins dispersed in a manner similar to that of chimpanzees (characterized by male...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Purpose: [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT (MIBI SPECT/CT) is a promising tool to differentiate benign and malignant renal tumours. We tested feasibility of recruitment to a prospective, multi-centre diagnostic test evaluation study of MIBI SPECT/CT for T1 renal tumours. // Methods: Consecutive adult patients with a newly-diagnosed clinical T1 (cT1) renal mass (2–7 cm) presenting to participating sites December 2022 - February 2024 were recruited and underwent MIBI SPECT/CT prior to histopatholo...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Background Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is increasingly used as a one-off disease-modifying therapy for aggressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). We report real-world effectiveness of AHSCT for MS in the UK. Methods This retrospective open-label study included patients with (pw)MS treated with AHSCT between 2002 and 2023 in 14 UK centres. Outcomes included relapse-free survival (RFS), MRI activity-free survival (MFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and no ev...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Animal-derived components in cell culture, such as foetal bovine serum (FBS) and extracellular matrix proteins (ECM), pose ethical concerns and contribute to variability in experimental outcomes. This study explores the use of animal-free cell culture media and substrates to support the growth and differentiation of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), as well as their infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We evaluated the performance of jellyfish collagen 0 and recombin...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and are among the foremost causes of disability globally. CVD burden has continued to increase in most countries since 1990, with trends driven by changing exposures to harmful risk factors, population growth, and population aging. // Objectives: We report estimates of global, national, and subnational CVD burden, including 18 subdiseases and 12 associated modifiable risk factors. We analyzed change in CVD burden fr...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Understanding the Milky Way disc formation requires characterising its structural and kinematic properties as functions of stellar age. Using red giant stars from APOGEE DR17 and Gaia DR3, we model the age-dependent stellar kinematics with a quasi-isothermal distribution function and fit disc parameters as a function of age using non-parametric splines. We identify a transition from thick to thin disc populations around 10 Gyr ago. Stars older than this have short scale lengths (∼1.7 kpc)...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Paleontology provides insights into the history of the planet, from the origins of life billions of years ago to the biotic changes of the Recent. The scope of paleontological research is as vast as it is varied, and the field is constantly evolving. In an effort to identify “Big Questions” in paleontology, experts from around the world came together to build a list of priority questions the field can address in the years ahead. The 89 questions presented herein (grouped within 11 themes)...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Despite considerable efforts on making them robust, real-world AI-based systems remain vulnerable to decision based attacks, as definitive proofs of their operational robustness have so far proven intractable. Canonical robustness evaluation relies on adaptive attacks, which leverage complete knowledge of the defense and are tailored to bypass it. This work broadens the notion of adaptivity, which we employ to enhance both attacks and defenses, showing how they can benefit from mutual learnin...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Teamwork is often highly rated by employers as one of the most important professional skills for engineering graduates. Group allocation has a significant influence on the group performance and student learning experiences. In this practice paper we present a new algorithm for strategic group allocation developed in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at University College London. The aim is to achieve balanced skill sets within each group so students can perform well collaboratively as ...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
This paper introduces a copula additive distributional regression framework for mixed count–continuous outcomes, with a focus on simultaneous modelling of the number and cost of physician visits. Traditionally analysed separately, these outcomes are inherently interdependent, and modelling them jointly uncovers relationships that would otherwise be overlooked. The approach employs a zero-truncated count distribution for visit frequency, a continuous skewed distribution with positive support...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
The sustainable supply of metals, especially precious metals, is critical for the manufacturing of the electronic chips used in the printed circuit boards of mobile phones. At the same time, the large volume of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) of mobile phones is a serious environmental issue that requires developing sustainable processes for the recovery of metals and to handle the waste in a resourceful manner. To address the two challenges of sustainable material supplies for chip manu...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
BACKGROUND: Household overcrowding has increased in England. However, there is limited synthesis of evidence about what can be done to reduce the impact of overcrowding on health/wellbeing. METHODS: A rapid realist review of English language peer-reviewed and grey literature of interventions from comparable settings to urban contexts in England that addressed household overcrowding/health outcomes. A search was conducted (01.06.23 and updated on 07.03.25) in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, S...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Objectives Novice meditators often struggle to recognise and intentionally disengage from self-referential thought during meditation. We investigated whether personalised high-precision neurofeedback (NF) training improves volitional disengagement from self-referential thought during meditation and enhances meditation’s outcomes. Method In a single-blind, controlled study, novices received 2 days of veridical (n = 20) or sham (n = 20) 7-T fMRI NF targeting posterior cingulate corte...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Building resilience: Key to protecting adolescent mental health Essi Viding, Pasco Fearon, Tom Wu, Alexander Lloyd, Laura Lucas, Roslyn Law, and Jaime Smith discuss new approaches to preventing adolescent mental health problems from emerging. Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability to developing mental health problems. Rates of mental health disorder among adolescents have increased in the last decade(1). In light of the vast associated interpersonal and economic costs(2,3) , it i...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Rotodynamic analysis is a key analysis for turbomachinery for investigating the health and integrity of equipment. Most of the analyses are performed at the design stage, while the actual machine behavior is different due to imperfections like unbalance, misalignment, cracks, and so forth. In this paper, a representative CAD model of a gas turbine rotor is developed to get the actual rotodynamic response of a rotor. Vibration data of the rotor is compared with that of the developed numerical ...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Robots hold great potential for enhancing efficiency, quality, and safety in construction, yet the unstructured and dynamic nature of construction sites limits the feasibility of full automation. Human-robot collaboration (HRC) offers a solution by integrating human expertise with robotic precision to improve adaptability. However, there remains a significant gap in understanding the systematic integration of human and robotic intelligence, particularly in dynamic control sharing. This study ...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
Background: Exploring the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for timely intervention to help manage symptoms and set expectations for affected individuals and their families. However, the study of the early stages of AD involves analysing heterogeneous disease cohorts which may present challenges for some modelling techniques. This heterogeneity stems from the diverse nature of AD itself, as well as the inclusion of undiagnosed or ‘at-risk’ AD individuals or the presence ...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
The routine generation of species distribution data \textit{at scale} remains a challenge. We used aquatic environmental DNA metabarcoding to sample vertebrate species across the 30,000 sqkm Gaoligongshan region along the China-Myanmar border. In just 56 calendar days (33 researcher-field-days + 69 researcher-lab-days), we detected 389 vertebrate species, of which 35 are Red-Listed. We introduce the ‘eDNA-aware’ OccPlus occupancy model, which accounts for false-negative and false-positive...| UCL Discovery: No conditions. Results ordered -Date Deposited.
UCL Discovery is UCL's open access repository, showcasing and providing access to UCL research outputs from all UCL disciplines.| discovery.ucl.ac.uk
UCL Discovery is UCL's open access repository, showcasing and providing access to UCL research outputs from all UCL disciplines.| discovery.ucl.ac.uk